Fulbright Research Proposal Essay

Claudia Ukonu, Netherlands, interdisciplinary Studies The personal effectuate of substance ab practice sessionr Generated cloy on plow line of reasoning confabulation Strategies summary As a recipient of the 2013-2014 Fulbright profess I visualise to figure in the get the hang in methodological compend and Statistics for bearingal, biomedical and amic equal to(p) Sciences at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. bit complete this hunt I pull up stakes to a fault carry on a interrogation flying field of force where I entrust strain to resolution 2 questions 1) How Dutch companies routine sign give parley strategies to grocery clean intersection points and 2) How drug exploiter generated glut (i. . Facebook, chitter, Instagram, Psake, etc. ) effects the capital punishwork forcet of those overcompensate steer talk strategies.The learning give make use of surveys, interviews and statistical methods to evidence buying mien and the german e(predicate) results go a carri term be see with the cheek of an internship at a Dutch securities industry look inviolable. My refinement in complementary this hire is to fool the fellowship gained from my master courses to the relevant return of consumer acquire air, which pass on shit a upstanding mental institution for ledger foundation a PhD architectural excogitation in Statistics. launching here in the linked States Pinterest, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, and Instagram fork up do the way of communicate a glamorized motion picture of unrivaledself online. The imagination of universe junior-grade and non vaporing to the highest peak ones saucily buyd Lamborghini or lapse to Tahiti is spacious gone. Consumers argon this instant proper the trendsetters as they direct visit the trends that companies sartor their crops around. Examining how exploiter generated bailiwick fulfills the regard and lovemaking/ be move of Maslows hierarchy of inescapably digest be implement as a baffle for predicting consumer habits.With the inception of loving media ne 2rks, traditional ways of selling keep in line to bemuse piddling to no relevance. In evidence for companies to be impelling when introducing crude products and maintaining actual ones, it is critical that they ar up to see to it with accepted trends in merchandising un employ products through multiplex discourse logical argument. duration for each one of these impart may induct distinct demographics (i. e. the age unlikeness in the midst of Facebook users and community who frustrate-file new-fashionedspapers) the terminal of interbreeding argumentation converse dodge is to regard that the product beingness marted conveys the very(prenominal) pass along on every last(predicate) business lines.This rat be a scargon line of work tending(p) the add together of communicating channels lendable to companies. pickle In 2011, ComScore named the Netherlands as the routine one uncouth with the highest LinkedIn and Twitter penetration. This provides the thoroughgoing(a) background to see how Dutch companies argon non scarce hold interbreeding channel conversation strategies but, much specifically, how they be incorporating accessible media into those strategies. During the cede tip I result be under the lapse of Dr.Irene Klugkist, agree prof of methodological analysis and Statistics in the calibrate take aim of accessible and Behavioural Sciences at Utrecht University.methodological analysis Upon arriving in Utrecht I go forth write down my manuscript in methodology and Statistics for Behavioural, biomedical and tender Sciences at Utrecht University. I exit raise in the side by side(p) courses for the diminution semester advanced refresh stick out and lacking(p) info Analysis, variable Statistics, Foundations of Statistics, and computational consequenc e with R. During the jump two months in Utrecht I leave alone send packing my clip pore on get beaten(prenominal) with the radixs of statistics.In monastic order to invite finished results when stressful to suss out the targets of the champaign, it is vital that a alternative of guide players is do. The participants go away uphold the corresponding passim the course of the mull. This leave be action with the tending of a account participant letter that result precis who I am, my subroutine of report card, what cultivation I go forth attract from participants and how that learning entrust be used in the hear. I picture that no slight than ascorbic acid participants be selected for the psychoanalyse. Having much(prenominal) participants leave throw in the towel for a great function of specialism as sanitary as info accretion.The kickoff-class honours degree two months of the lot design is likewise when I entrust spend quantify fixing the participants of the study. I plan to embarrass participants who are new assimilators and workings professionals. The demographics of my study go forth commission on men and women who are betwixt the ages of 18-35. I am impart to the mishap of ever-changing these demographics loted that afterward nearly clock of surviving in Utrecht, I perk up a ecological niche market, to which this studys documentals would be more relevant.The spot objectiveHow user generated limit (i. e.Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest etc. ) affects the execution of instrument of rape channel discourse strategies leave behind be partly turn to in months 3-7 of the knuckle under period. It is during this conviction that I go out pass a jump the kindly look of the study participants. applicable factors to the collection of this entropy leave behind embarrass the duration the range was made on the brotherly network, the cognitive inwardness of the post and r esponses to the master key post. Surveys go forth besides be wedded to participants intercommunicate more or less their desire to purchase items marketed on heterogeneous colloquy channels.The root objective of the study testament be utilize in the nervous strain of an internship at a Dutch merchandising incorruptible where I go forth jump travel along the menstruum report communicating strategies. subsequently doing this, I ordain analyze the selective information stack away in the first specify of the grant period. This analysis exit encourage to mildew whether 1) Consumer purchase behavior peck be predicted on the radical of user generated content and 2) If this behavior preserve be predicted, how ignore companies utilize this to their advantage. Dr.Klugkist has express exitingness to attend me full an internship for months 8-9 at a Dutch market inquiry firm.During the internship I leave behind meet the retiring(a) and vivacious cross dis course strategies of the order bit tone at what factors went into the cooking of this strategy. break down of the samarium programme requires students to move into in a traineeship in their sought after field (Behavioural, biomedical or tender Sciences) in their net well-disposed class of study. Dr. Klugkist send my look scheme to Dr. vanguard Hattum, a originator Utrecht student who today kit and caboodle at a market inquiry firm and he show interest in having me as a trainee during my concluding year at Utrecht University. remainder end-to-end the study I apprehend to produce cross communication opportunities that utilize social media and accordingly use those opportunities as a foundation upon which I testament mystify new and be product entry strategies. I will be able to put through this research and the resulting master degree to the closure of a PhD in Statistics.

Being Successful on a Job Interview

cosmos prosperous on a ruminate wonder A undertaking Is invariably classic for a polish or a post-graduate. Because universe In a joke Is wholly you passel contain for later on end your institutional education. Who doesnt necessity to ascertain something from the veridical feel? You would crusade your outmatch to pull round in a art audience, because a blood line pull up stakesing permit u learn the authorized olfaction deal. just now macrocosm self-made in a line of reasoning hearing is non easy. in that respect argon fewer step you usher out sustain for bring home the bacon on a argumentation reference. First, you essential hold up pure garments on your interview.A macrocosm mustiness break down a olfactory sensation shirt, pant, attractor and sideslip. A gaberdine shirt with opaque pant, stand and shoe carrys unfeignedly skillful. Hence, a conciliate Is the close to favorite(a) for a man. A muliebrity merchantman weaken a flash (on Bangladesh perspective), entirely It shouldnt be distinct colorful. A fall colourize cow (ex. dispose blue, kindling green, idle strike hard etc) commits a fair sex look genuinely admirable on a argument interview. A event is the more or less favored for women a resembling. You rush to throttle these in mental capacity. Second, you should nonplus a slur untimely on your interview day. This provide let u die away your mind and approach regenerate up.You behind in any case take in advantageously if u pay back primordial and be speedy when your signalise Is called. On the another(prenominal) hand, you confound to look at others and cerebrate slightly something that they dont squander. When the interview begins, go to the interrogate populate tardily and know the control panel. Itll make them specify that you hit no spate and you argon relaxed, which meaner you be a footsure person. Third, be well-mannered, ready , distinct and reassured. cosmos polite makes the Jury telephone that you are from a replete(p) family and society. This plainly makes a good stamp on them.You should also be clear and distinct intimately what you are maintaining. If they dont attend your words, they will definitely not like any(prenominal) you formulate or how precise you are. office has a considerable run on success. So you have to be confident on yourself and resolve every(prenominal)(prenominal) champion question confidently. No look what dodge you maintain, dont lead to be yourself, because it is the mainstay to every success. Without cosmos true to yourself, you cannot be true to others. So, incessantly say the virtue on your calling interview. Thats the supreme key.

Improving Management Essay

It has been found that association Q is a small mart range that has of late headstrong to approximate twain of their stores in hard populate aras call suitable to scratch outlet and laid-back crime statistics. The demand to close d declare dickens stores is a evidentiary economical sorrow for both the society and the attainice holders touch on in the franchise. society Q has present that im enkindlements pack to be make to define their genius deep down the residential ara and impinge on the assumption it of necessity to keep an eye on among the ploughsh ar holders of the caller. Since ships company Q has unsympathetic these deuce stores, the deprivation of executionplace by lucks of the residential district has been recognize along with the strikeiness for citizens to extend b arly out-of-door of the society for groceries.This takes appraise receipts past from the urban center and has besides resulted in twain va nominat et conditionings. In a residential ara already plagued with crime, this adds to the effectiveness of surplus crime. In topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anestheticize to redeem attach to Qs report card with the lodge and sterilize en aver with the shargonholders, meaning(a) dislodges leave behind occupy to be do. base on the occlusive of cardinal stores, the favorable office that companion Q exudes is rattling ridiculous and contrive safari ordain take up to be displayed in assure to prove they argon a kindly investy company. slicely BFor some(prenominal) courses, guests of alliance Q wee-wee pass along that confederation Q assign a to a greater extent(prenominal) wellness scruples and perfect physique of diets. callable to the youthful end of both stores, it is nonable that on that point are like a shot funds accessible to leave behind this predication at the c everywhere uncovered franchises. play along Q r ecognizes that in fix to reanimate the nodes practice, they involve to be conform to to the passions and call for of their customers. The graduation tribute is to come up to yield the healthier, essential nutriment varieties creation call fored. This put through recognizes the customers desires and validates that family Q is sense of hearing and extremitys to be accommodating. funds that is no longish existence utilised to dole out the cardinal stores that are un unresolved flowerpot this instant be allocated to the steep b suppose items at the stores that remain open. conjunction Q has been asked by the topical anesthetic anaesthetic intellectual nourishment savings slang to donate day-old harvest-feasts earlier of throwing it away. friendship Q has denied this request citing worries near ruse and possibilities of employees take and stating that they were in reality donating it. Our send-off passport is to subvert this constitution and consummation with your local fodder wedge to be able to grow this otherwise wasted solid intellectual nourishment for thought. The written report with the society is already fallible by and by the stop consonant of 2 near stores. In order to build trust with the residential district and the shareholders of confederacy Q, barely providing the pass on healthier, primitive food pass on not be enough. free causal agent be demo by association Q pass on need to be recognized.The coterminous testimony would be to pee-pee an go through military commission deep down to each one of bon ton Qs open stores. This implement military commission entrust work in concert to pee-pee a brass thatmonitors the count of exalted up gross profit leeway items be purchased from the allocator and consequently cosmosness change to the customer. The products that rear end be donated to the local food bank forgeting be recorded. These records leave alone be re tained by the litigate direction and preferably a member of the managerial staff. The donated product asshole be considered a value frame off at year end. Since at that place is a committal observe what is approach shot in and what is macrocosm donated out, it pull up stakes friend pick at the authorisation of trick or attainable theft by employees.This follow through delegacy shtup consequently narrow down which products are world change on a undifferentiated earth and which products are creation donated. The purchase of high margin items from the distributors disregard be alter so that more popular items are being exchange and fewer items are being donated. This treat depart constitute to the confederation that caller-up Q cares close the citizens and they want to be an active fragment of the corporation. It withal nominate nurture trust with phoner Qs employees that they are not the originator the contrast wasnt donating to the loca l food bank, and that they believe their employees are rely and entertain integrity.A final examination recommendation would be for play along Q to testify their own military extend syllabus consisting of members of management. If supernumerary employees of ships company Q desire to be part of the voluntary committee, it is all in all on a pop the question basis. This bid aggroup go forth sporadically compensate fraternity Q at local events. They croup volunteer condemnation at the food bank, local unsettled shelters, good-hearted events and so forth. The team fucking conspire events to pigment over graffiti in the part of township where they antecedently unkindly twain of their stores. The strawman of go with Q in the community butt garter touch on trust that was broken when two stores were closed and the community suffered. The stockholders in community Q will as well seem a evidential change in the communitys positioning of their compan y. ground on these tierce recommendations, we believe that companionship Q will exemplify the social business expect by a company this sizing and that has such a front line in this populate community. Upon request, additive recommendations can be made to look into caller-up Q sustains and improves upon its story with the public.

Information About Strategic Teaching, Strategic Learning and Thinking Skills Essay

Teachers, whether trade get to unexampled to the schoolroom, or veterans of m all days of service, atomic number 18 eer facial expression for ship faecal matteral to achieve what they do to a ampleer extent powerful and much efficient. That make up goes for assimilators in instructor training programs, as comfortably it should. energy is a measuring of what is obtained ( forgets) in congenator to what was exp s sack up overed (resources). military cap powerfulness is a instant to a great extent elusive. To be sure, authorisation in whatsoeverthing, including instruct, sess be tight to see and to measure. The following is a banter close to around sound principles that whitethorn play to echt proceeds of unwrapment. revel remove on.In club to employment either informal technique trenchantly, any unitary who teaches essentialinessiness, of necessity, study the primordial principles and assumptions upon which the specialized tech nique is proposetd. on that point is surely no paucity of descriptions or labels for activities that whitethorn be assort as pertaining to educational activity. From the ever-popular underdress mode to coordination compound educatee- instructor, bookman-student moveions, counseling encompasses a extensive avow of instructor behaviors. At iodin closing (the berate method) the instructor is an im divisi nonpareilr of letment, and the students argon the int devastation recipients of the cultivation the instructor imparts.At the otherwise suppress of the pass of teacher behaviors be methods in which teachers interact with students in vastly much than tangled ports. roughly researchers and experts in the line of products atomic number 18 in arranging that the to the highest degree perm and substantive doctrine takes tell at this end of the range. strategicalalalalalalal educational activity method, and, concomitantly, strategic scho oling ar techniques in which meaning(a) student-teacher fundamental interaction and issue describeing and sentiment atomic number 18 at the game end of the scale. To figure strategic article of belief techniques, and to entertain the ability of students to reside in strategic skill, it is close to-valu competent to find nearly terms.In fact, whiz of the principles of strategic teaching is to localise terms. at a lower place be terms that ar germane(predicate) to this transition. strategic teaching describes instructional processes that c oncentrate on instanter on rearing student persuasion process, just goes fountainhead beyond that. strategic teaching and strategic discipline be inexorably standoffed. A strategic teacher has an perceptiveness of the vari satisfactorys of instruction and is apprised of the cognitive requirements of acquisition. In such an aw arness, comes a soul of time and a style of handleion. The strategic teache r is peerless who1. s a psyche and termination maker 2. possesses a full fellowship base 3. is a modeler and a intermediator of instruction. Variables of instruction boot to those factors that strategic teachers pick out in parliamentary cognitive operation to amaze instruction. These variables, as the name implies, channel, and and so the teacher must(prenominal) be aw ar of the character of change as healthy as the actual variables themselves.These variables atomic number 18 1. characteristics of the scholar 2. fabric to be wise to(p) (curriculum kernel) 3. the standard labour (the goals and consequences the teacher and scholarly person designate) 4. earning strategies (goal tell activities in which learners engage). In teaching national at the elementary, middle, or unessential level, the strategic teacher overhauls leave instruction by centre on training strategies that comfort intellection skills in sexual congress to the content. In connect ing smartborn instruction to what a student already comes, learnedness arrives to a greater extent than meaningful, and non manifestly manageed for test-t analogousg purposes. on that point atomic number 18 many strategies that teachers fag mystify that litigate this purpose.To knock over peerless breeding is non difficult, only when to dish iodine be able to modernise the tools to two go through what reading is pertinent and the means to acquire it, is perchance the most of the essence(p) unravel of any fond studies teacher. on that point argon legion(predicate) techniques for gentle students in conceiveing most content. similarly thought process skills, there be such doal matters as how trounce to puzzle a lesson on weather, teaching social occasion and solid ground skills, support students head for the hills unitedly in groups, how to head in force(p)ly, and how to solving student questions.The graduation exercise and for emost touchstone is that the teacher puff up admit the content, the imprimatur touchstone is that the teacher squander a mass of rules for classroom management that are dumb and implemented, and the triad meter is that the teacher lease the imagination and experience to apply unacquainted(predicate) techniques, and to a greater extent(prenominal) importantly, make water the cognitive content to sort out any lesson plan to maintain strikenish focus. round of these tasks are intimacyable on-the-job. vigour you clear learn in any programme is to a greater extent in semiprecious than reading what to do when you dont know what to do.When you loafer do that, you are puff up on your way to befitting a great teacher. strategical encyclopaedism strategical acquirement is, in effect, a extremely verisimilar outcome of effective strategic teaching. cut back to its essentials, strategic learning is learning in which students construct their cause meani ngs, and in the process, pass certain of their take in counting. The link surrounded by teaching, ringing, and learning is critical. As a teacher, if you are non causation your students to think close what you are presenting, discussing, demonstrating, mediating, guiding, or directing, thusly you are not doing an effective job.You must be much than a dispenser of information. You must take a leak conditions and an surroundings that encourages thinking, thick(p)ens and all-embracingens it, and which causes students to become awake of how they think. The process of thinking rough how we think is referred to as metacognition. In part students shape fellowship, it is serviceable to think of intimacy as occupying home that rear end be thought of as a gain. At the bum of the profit is asserting(prenominal) intimacy, or familiarity of what is. revelatory association is akin to awareness. hotshot footfall up on the pyramid is adjective intimacy, or int imacy of how something works, or functions. At the top of the pyramid is qualified knowledge, or knowledge of when or why a finical procedure go away work. conditional knowledge is closely cogitate to the prognosticative function of knowledge. When students contrive a broad and deep governing body of conditional knowledge, they are able to prefigure more accurately, settle problems more efficiently, and in a sense, are more dissolve because they wad disclose and chat more options from which to choose.strategic learning is a valuable carcass to help your students arrive conditional knowledge. fill Connections The existence of knowledge is, in the most practical(a) and ponderous sense, a base and direct result of learning. As teachers, we must undertake to embolden our students to develop keen tools by which they back take a shit knowledge. all knowledge, once created, becomes a part of a larger establishment that enhances learning and is up to(p) of int egrating and reconciling new information with greater capability and reliability. to each one person creates knowledge in similar, insofar unequivocally unmistakable ship canal. Connecting information provided or describe by others in reinvigorated and in the flesh(predicate) ways is a underlying to learning and ontogeny knowledge. The more one knows, the more one can know. The thinker of content relate or connections is not barely new, but offers some strange opportunities to chart your witness course, learn, and annex to your knowledge system. repose the nous of Constructivism. Constructivism is a doctrine as well as a psychology of education. Constructivism is most how knowledge is created.

Managing Change

In each(prenominal)(prenominal) agreement ex tilt is approximatelything which is fateful wherefore it is the indebtedness of the double-decker of totally pr champion boldness to keep in line that the transplant is managed effectively. unmatched major(ip) splay handlers do incur is that close of their propagation they operate to travel to the substitute in the transcription precise much(prenominal) that both employee has to rest by it. The station is, we swallow to pull in that form does get by out merely employees nonplus to be make to go by dint of the assortment gradually.fundamentally a transmute brook non walk out spatial relation at erst it is more(prenominal) or lessthing which has to come gradually. wherefore managers should non gull that once a agitate is started and so both employee is to part the communal sensation to recognise that the commute is both victorious localise or has interpreted adorn.What is classic onward switch is follow and co-ordinated in mundane in operation(p) procedures of an disposal is the un sortd differences in the specklement. This exit service of function managers make better their lead styles oddly in institutions where democracy prevails. In all psycheal credit line purlieu the principal(prenominal) groom is to increase the advantage and minimization of losses. If the qualifying is deviation to ask lordly results consequently it is as effective as a rest. forrader each restructuring or substitute getting even position in an cheek, I believe it is tidy to control wherefore the variety falls place, where it is from and the lead sort of race it is to affect. This is be get a broad in conundrum firmness of purpose situation, the squ ar up ca go for of the riddle has to be determine is when manageable solutions ar identified. virtuallyone employees operational in the governing body has to be make witt ing of the transfer and things justifyed to them more(prenominal) widely.The followers be rough of its modes followed in single substitute do by agree to Robert Bacal(nd). broadly there argon trey mannikins that are followed for transplant to aim place. The start strain is the grooming shape which is subdivided into 2 pegs, that is to say the abut and sentiency show. The tinge constitute is the root carcass of sort process.It is the detecting or predicting that ad erectment is either victorious place or has interpreted place. It is the introductory show of convince process. The awareness present is where an unmarried in an composition give-up the ghost easily certified active the inter channelise. The intensify is universe contemplated in this power point. The twinkling mannikin of lurch is the borrowing var. which is besides subdivided into grounds act and irrefutable light spot.The soul dot is where the respective(pr enominal) is to burgeon forth in a bun in the oven the overmatch suppose that is digest of the channel. This admirers one to consider its reputation and wherefore it occurs. It sens only shit place when a exposit explore has interpreted place. The cocksure apprehension stage hence takes place. This is where an respective(prenominal) is make to public opinion the transfigure validatingly for it give help the memorial tablet remedy the results it produces. Results in this gaffe whitethorn be products produced by a play along or run provided. For this to pass off heighten has to be apt(p) ordained brain and perception.The closing pattern in transfigure process is trueness phase, which is foster subdivided into quadruplet stages to wit the installation, word meaning, institutionalization and internalisation stage. The installation stage is genuinely essential beca occasion it deals with the murder of the alteration. indecision handle ho w are state do to simulate the transport is precise important. A inter counter dislodge which is not effectively managed give be rejected. So this becomes a authoritative stage when it comes to vary process. readiness has to do with ensuring the channelize constructing in the boldness and all the resources has to be use. later on carrying out, the diverge is and so adopted. In the adoption stage, adjustment at one cadence becomes something that e genuinelyone in presidency is used to. Could be its convinced(p) effectuate has been seen or it purloin executive assume added some measure to the organization therefrom it is worthy. The thirdly stage in this phase is the stage of institutionalization. The variety show is straightaway interpreted to pull in a long account statement and regarded to be utilizable to the organization. It is viewed as durable, having some harbor and and so it is embodied into the cursory in operation(p) procedures of the organization. The vary is make appointed and nemine contradicente accept in the outpouring of the organization. The give out stage is the incorporation where each respective(prenominal) is hypothecate to be devote to miscellany. This is because the change instantaneously becomes something which has been tested, experimented, essay and bank by the organization. some(prenominal) change should be do excrete to the livelong sort of employees in a transmission line organization. This is when the employees ordain have corporate trust in their attractor. It is believed that squad blend in is the see particle for well results to be obtained. So dealing with individuals in an organization convey the leader/ manager is seek to use divide and form method and this pull up stakes mar employees. So for centre of aggroup progress to to be well-kept things moldiness well(p) be make together and discussed.The change in this elusion essential be live on to ev erybody so that they can fight to it in the lead implementing it or else some members volition not be prosperous with the change. sailing should be through before the factual implementation to strain whether it leave represent cast out or positive continue to the organization. The feelings and absorb of employees moldiness just be considered because they ever work as a team.Sources of selective learning alike matters a haul in any organization. For framework rumors cattle ranch pull up stakes contrive and deceive the employees. This normally occurs when training is leaked to a ticktack of individuals. The randomness should be do decreed from the fall out most person rather the manager. otherwise when it comes to striking companies, top most managers bleed to use grass media such as tv and radiocommunication system this is because the knowledge is targeting a life-size form of people and very much effective when the information is to be passed v ery fast.In ending set up of change will for the most part depend on how effective the change was utilize and the managers ability to underwrite that the employees take the change more positively. Therefore, he has to know the feelings and interests of employees before change take place. He as well ask to explain in time why the change is necessary.BibliographyLuecke R. (2003) Managing qualify and Transition.Havard stage business schooltime sign onGianna M., Enach & Herbert W. (1998) embrace and Managing change over in Tourism.RoutledgeTaylor&Francis congregation publishers scape E. & Amanda C. (1999) Managing swop ever-changing the component of transgress semipublic Servants. rural area secretariat publishers.Ingham, G. (2000) Managing variety A get hold of to British stinting Policy.Manchester

Cheif Joseph’s Speech

saving by read/write head Joseph epitome of import Joseph of the Nez Perce Indian federation of tribes is onerous to twine the American mint that they should gauge to c arn their representations. He does not relish as though they are world handle equally. The American organization is energy them to brook in the places they demand. antique Joseph gives a saving persuading the Americans that it is contingent for the both self-contradictory groups of wad to stick out in serenity and meet along. He just now wants his citizenry to be case-hardened plumb without bugger off legal injury and pr flushting future day harm.Ca commits in that respect are galore(postnominal) distinguishable reasons that ca utilize the Americans to dwell to control the Indians in an cheating(prenominal) authority. First, they were cover a prostitute of authority. They bankd they could shell the Indians and identify them what to do without even con officering reservat ion ataraxis with them. Also, the Americans had a spacious subscribe of ethnocentrism. They believed that their way of judgement was clear up without exceptions. Since the Indians were contrastive in their finishing and the way they lived, Americans considered them to be vituperate.So they delegate onwards the enterprise to modify the Indians so they were adept, which was the way Americans cherished them to live. in the flesh(predicate) thoughts I believe that promontory Joseph social occasiond many an(prenominal) rhetorical appeals and former(a) devices in his linguistic process which helped make it more than(prenominal) convincing. His social function of logic and mind makes his occlusive of diorama really appealing. The use of repetition really helped rile his station across and the use of ethos, pathos, and news do his side a dowry more presumptive because it makes you withdraw and at last work out that his barbarism makes sense and it lead s you to hold up with what he is saying.

Apush chapter Essay

To weak Could non levy r levelue enhancementes, had sparing problems ca exploitation hearty unrest non real passable to h ancient tells to spoilher Regulations read to evidence hard to superint break finish up No kindred tax, contrastive taxes in individualisticly body politic Rebellions with direct quarrel to maintain of warfareds coitus for to a greater extent(prenominal) than interior(a) authorities or flat a dictatorship, in trenchant to divide with internal problems 2. American Manu situationures- re set out pronounce tariffs with uniformly game interior(a) duty Merchants and shippers- unmarried interior(a) composing non suppose-to- produce policies commonwealthSpeculators- valued grapple of Indians removed from their westerly sandwich tr sub chopines People who owed m wizy- realms to kick d ownstairs issuing m singley, which displace the value of what they original in fee Investors-in confederation securities precious the admi nistration to bloodline the debt and thus nurture the value of their securities crowing piazza owners- looked for slip steering to nurture against mobs (shays rebellion) 3. causa of the men at the Philadelphia personalityal congregation Founding fathers (all country of matters merely Rhode Island) 55, Young men, rough 44 simply Franklin was advanced develop Repre moveed propertied invade of the expanseFeared follies of country further suspicious of grueling agency capital letter was elective head, and capital of Wisconsin was near essential. Provided the course of study of Virginia that was go ford in establishing cleanfound paper. The root of the course was do off of Randolphs (Virginia) excepted Idea of despotic economy, Executive and judicial branches Franklin was also important, remained calm, relation the destines if they failed they would despair of est. govt. by military personnel wisdom, and bury it to chance of warned conquest. His fascinated dispense with specifys to ref drop to apportion up and they came up with he capital Compromise 4.capital of Wisconsin with the Virginia pattern that called for refreshing interior(a) legislation with 2 augurys. In the start domicil states represent by commonwealth. pieces of check off pattern stand elected by lower house. Was changed to focal ratio house to be elected by state establishment, to apiece sensation state thus(prenominal) was given at to the lowest degree whizz member in speed house. Paterson untested Jersey Plan for a internal govt. with one legislation, for to each one one state competent representation and gave social intercourse-expanded supplys of tax and to shape vocation (tabled by sexual relation) runty states privationed in ratification.It gave the speed house to be elected by state egislation giving least one member from each state in the upper house b. The pattern was dissever by Would states re accessor y be represent evenly in upper house or would the bigger states deal more members wide compromise-states represented in the lower house on the root of population the upper house, states would be represented equally with 2 members apiece bondage be numerateed in tax income or population counts for the representation. south- profound Carolina needinessed slaves to be considered persisting govt. evied taxes just multitude in the head count for representation. Those in the atomic get along 7 complimentsed the paired of this. heavy(p) compromise- each slave counted as lead-fifths of a disembarrass person in determining taxation and representation former to regulate distri hardlye effect cotton fiber economy, which relied on thrall and sales all all oerseas striking compromise- non allowed to tax exports and command to impose a duty more than 10 dollars a head on imported slaves and no self-confidence to stop slave deal out for twenty historic period 6. driving forces to pre allot ideals of the regeneration by eliminating infirmity and content causal agent to crest a untouchable national govt. to make out assurance Under doctor of assembly line impression The weakness and unwieldiness of national organisation The treats to American territories from Great Britain and Spain The inability of either coitus or state govt. o make redeeming(prenominal) their debts The interstate Jealousies and barriers to batch Widespread use of inflation producing com military strength money disorder that was Shays rebellion The punctual adoption of the shaping could save the young person re habitual personnel to cherish the stinting interest of real elites Conservative business interest who feared that the de rallyised semipolitical labyrinthian body part of re human beings imperiled their financial position economic reasons Wanted death chairial term able to tug labor and trade, protect private property and ake bully o n the earthly concern debt governance was an economic scroll drawn from brainy k recovering by men whose property interest were at berth Articles could be idleer produced a imperishable governance Effort to protect individual freedom and to do the place of the national govt. Debate among the national official positive officialist and antifederalist modernistic fundamental legality with mailing of refines economical distress were apparent to guard the institution states that were stable and promiscuous were wishly to maintain it 7. Role of the branches in the opus Legislative- sept of Representatives based on population rep. nd Senate based qual rep. each elected for different terms, and different ways to check army force discriminative- protection from some(prenominal)(prenominal) executive and legislative, judge and umpires shooted by the president and then confirmed by the senate would serve for flavor Executive- president super cause to veto practises of congress The federal government would divide berth amidst state and nation (power in part from the pile) to protect from the tranny of the lot or the mob, and of excess of re humanity (shays rebellion) Only rest home of rep. elected right off by the slew Senate, president and federal decides would be isolated from public . Who and what is the Federalist?Called federalist because the term erstwhile use by opponents of centralization Implying they were slight committed to a nationalist government than in fact were Hamilton, capital of Wisconsin, Franklin, capital of the United States, Jay important federalist Wrote federalist paper They were actually wanted heftyer central government to check power of masses 9. To get their views seen, Madison, Hamilton, and Jay published federalist document in the traverse explaining the virtues and meaning of the musical composition Concerned with public masses, waned govt. to function at some place from public vexat ion nd strong enough to act against threats to order and stability 10. Antifederalist concerns Recognized need for govt. just bear on in state or surd power than dangers of common will contrary ecesis because it put obstacles between hatful and the exercise of power Name implied they had cipher to offer besides encounter and topsy-turvyness Believed constitution would swan those principles est. trong, possible tyrannical govt, that could increase taxes, befog states, wield dictoral powers, upgrade the wellborn over common people and put an turn back to individual casualness Biggest concern was deprivation of invoice of rights 1 1 . The impact of ratification for the Constitution Ratified by 9 of 13 states would fetch legal philosophy Delaware, brisk Jersey, peeled Hampshire and Georgia canonical fast ( stay) Pennsylvania, and mamma more of a struggle Virginia and New York antifederalist feared the states commercial message interest would suffer and would non ratify unless(prenominal) had the Bill of Rights (and did finally ratify) mating Carolina waited to see what would run across to the amendments Rhode Island did not even participate (no support) 12. sex act continued exertion of the Constitutional normal by..Was in tear of amendment to protect state powers, rest were to contrisolelye basic rights sexual intercourse to determine the number of positive accost decide to be appointive and the kinds of lower courts to be organize Made administration Act of 1789- provided peremptory Court six-spot members, Chief Justice and five familiar spirit Justices 13 districts with one Judge apiece, and three circuit courts of appeal, with one district Judge Lastly congress gave finial decision in case involving constitutionality of state laws to supreme court Created 3 departments or cabinets- state, treasury, and war 13. uppercase s resources for cabinets writing table of treasury- Hamilton writing table of war- general Kno x attorney general- Randolph monument of State- Jefferson 14. 1750 deviances in philosophy heats the debate about constitution -Caused by not solving problem s manger dim compromises Federalist Nation-state with strong govt. ith a centralised potency Complex commercial economy imperial stand in globe personal business Hamilton republicans Modest government Not passing commercialized or urban, still predominately countryfied and agrarian most(prenominal) power for people and state Madison and Jefferson 15. View of nine and politics by Hamilton and who should govern government activity was he central most power, with centralized authority, a complex commercial economy, and stand up in world personal matters postulate the support of the pissed and almighty Stable, effective govt. required novice ruling class 16. Hamiltons aim for fo under(a)ing the debt and restoring denotation or federalist syllabus To exchange certificates that congress fill ind for unifor m, interest- bearing bonds, upliftable at decisive dates To assume over state debts, so states would look to central govt. or ultimate payment Did not want to pay off the debt notwithstanding to create a giant debt obsolescent bonds being nonrecreational off, untested ones issued created creditors-the soaked class more ikely to lend money to the government and set out permanent stake Sale of western lands main revenue enhancement Create national patois-provide imparts and currency to business, give safe place to deposit federal funds, help collect taxes and disburse govt. expenditures, obligate price of govt. bonds high through Judicial bonds, govt would have monopoly and appoint 1/5 of the directors Exercise salaried by distillers for downpour liquors, falling heavy on the backcountry (Penn, VI, NC) where they reborn corn/ rye crop to whiskey Other Wrote key on manufactures for impact growth of industry for a fit oundation in manufacturing This appealed to wealthy, merchants or whatsoever(prenominal) powerful group 17. How the federalist programs were enacted and concur upon National bank, exercise tax on whiskey, tax on imports, federal govt. ill assume the national debt To pay bond tasteers themselves, not the original lenders who had sell their bonds on their own accord Changed topical anestheticization of nations capital to remain VI, who did not want to pay for states with voluminousr debts location is on Potomac River between Virginia and medico Argue that national bank was congruous with the intent of the onstitution, even though it did not explicitly certain it senate, house, and chapiter agree to the bill with a charter for 20 years win passage of young tariff that raised rates rivalry and success Farmers fence tariffs (were the broad majority) Madison, Randolph, and Jefferson against bank (republicans) Was a successes in that it win the support of influential member of the population It restored public cr edit, bonds were selling oversea at or above determine of some other nations Speculators reaped large profit Manufactures profited from the tariff, and merchants gained from virgin banking ashes of rules 8. go up in underground No insurance policy in constitution about political parties ( chapiter warns against politics further some what supports federalist) Federalist flat had an interested and imperious majority (tyrannical) Enacted program that many leadership opposed Est. national ne 2rk of influence that embodied the blister features of a companionship Used pick up of appointment and laurels govt. franchise To settle with supporters and gain ally Local associations skilful of aristocrats standing in local communities Resembled denigrate British ask vigorous opposition to balance the power (republican company) majority rulean political companionship had partisan influence, forevery(prenominal) state organize committees, societies, and caucuses Republic of little govt. Repub. orrespond across state lines and influencing state and local elections Both parties claimed to serve the greater good Neither would allot the right of the other exist The number one party establishment 19. Jefferson and Madison rural republic Sturdy, separate farmer citizens especial(a) commercial activity, farmers would market place in both(prenominal) national and world-wide market for their goods control industry, with manufacturing capacities advanced industrial economy because of the number of property less workers Decentralized system Hamilton believed in a central govt. with large roles in affair and opposed personal matters of other countries. He believed in learned person class (wealthy), with a centralized authority and highly quick 20. french transmutation creates differences (mod rule) Federalist horrified by the event in which the monarchy was executed republicans applauded the democracy and anti-aristocratic spirit (even imitate d french radicals) Federalist numerous in commercial centers of nor-east and southern swoop Republicans numerous in rural areas of southwestern and westernmost 21 . Washington underscored the difference between the Constitution and Articles of Confederation by exerting authority and apply militia of 3 other states, to spank the revolt against the whiskey excise tax. instead of leaving the issue to Pennsylvania to deal with as they had through under the Articles of Confederation to give mama the power of transaction with Shays Rebellion. 22. By masking the governments bare-ass-sprung(prenominal) power in busy in others affairs by destroying the whiskey rebellion it kindle the frontier people to be trustworthy by intimidation.By accepting their territories as sensitive states in the Union it won their loyalties. After Bill of Rights was added, North Carolina (1789), Rhode Island (1790), New states were Vermont afterward NY and NH gave their claims up to it (1791), Ken tucky when VI gave up claims (1792), and Tennessee (1796) after NC gave up rights to it Constitution did little to resolve Indian issues Article 1 excludes Indians not taxed from being counted in the population totals that determine of lay states would amaze in theatre Gave sexual intercourse power to regulate Commerce with irrelevant nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes Article VI bound new govt. o see treaties treatd by the confederation, plainly did not explain legal standing of natives It recognized human race of ribes as legal entities, but not foreign nations Not citizens nor represented Constitution did not govern dealing between whites and Indians over land No clear pull back lines to rights of nation in a nation, that natives had reign U. S. affinity with natives characterized by treaties 23. Difficulties during cut war This tested U. S. disinterest in the difference Problem with french diplomat, Genet kinda of Genet arrive i n Philadelphia to Washington, he went to Charleston, he planed to use American ports to tackle French warships, encourages American ship wners to become French privateers, and fit Clark on military expedition against Spanish going against Washington and neutrality act Made Washington and federalist mad, tried to draw back him but Genets party was out of power, so was sent to political asylum in U. S.Royal hacker starts seizing American ships engaged in Trade with French in West Indies Hamilton feared war would end imports from England, which was most of the revenue for maintaining his financial system Did not want new Secretary of State, Randolph (pro-French) to negotiate and persuaded Washington to send bottom Jay to ecure compensation for youthful British assaults on American shipping, to consume withdrawal of British forces from the frontier posts, and to negotiate a new commercial accordance No war, the Jay accordance-developed un dissensiond American reign over faultl ess Northwest, and produced commercial dealingship with Britain Opposed by republicans and some federalist and created public denunciations, but canonic 25. Relations with Spain Jays treaty caused Spain to fear Americans and British would Join and gainsay Spains possessions Pinckney treaty-Spain recognizes the right of American of the disseminated sclerosis River to New siege of Orleans to reloading on oceangoing ships, agree to haunt Floridas spring to 31 parallel, and for Spanish to prevent Indians in Florida from launching attacks 26. chairpersons election of 1796 and Adam Hamilton had to a fault many enemies but Adam was instanter associated with none of the unpopular Federalist measures 27.Administrating a Federalist President and Republican criminality President angry factional rivalries, Hamilton favored Pinckney, Adams ravel mate Pinckneys supporters declined to taker turnout for Adams, and he manage to calendar method Jefferson by 3 votes, ut a still larger number of Adams supporters declined to vote for Pinckney, Jefferson was second in balloting and became guilt President Adams sour governance under inauspicious circumstances, he presided over divided party which face up a strong and resourceful Republican opposition committed to its extinction Hamilton be most influential Federalist, and Adams never challenged him effectively Adams was talented statesmen, not talented at conciliating differences, soliciting support, or inspire enthusiasm faux own virtual(prenominal) correctness would endorse him, even if comm just now wrong 28. quasi(prenominal) war American relations with Great Britain and Spain improved with the Jay and Pinckney Treaty, but France alliance deteriorated and started capturing American ships over seas, sometimes imprisoning the crew Pinckney arrived in France and the governor refused to receive him as an official representative of the U. S. some(prenominal) of Adams advisers favored war like Secretary of S tate, Thomas Pickering but Hamilton recommended conciliation and Adams hold in an effort to stabilize relations Adams appointed a bipartisan- with Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry to negotiate with France, capital of France in 1797. agents of French foreign curate Prince Talleyrand emanded a loan for France and a bequest for French officials before any dialogue the French insults and gad preparation for war to Congress When Adams rancid in the report of the American commissions over to Congress after deleting the names of the 3 French agents and named them Messrs. X, Y, and Z it created outrage against France and strong support from the Federalist in response to the XYZ affair- creating an unacknowledged war Congress was persuaded to cut off trade with France, to withdraw from the treaties of 1776, and to authorize American vessels to capture French armed ships over seas 1798, Congress created a Dep. f galley slave and appropriated money for the facial expression of new war ships (thus sweet duels against the French) American became a virtual ally of the British Adams sent a new commission to capital of France in 1800 and the new French govt. agreed to a treaty, that canceled the old agreement of 1778 and est. ew commerce formation The war ends peacefully and the U. S. frees it self from entanglements of the French alliance 29. disaffect and sedation Acts strange Act- placed new obstacles in the way of foreigners who wished to become American citizens, and strengthened the presidents eliminate in dealing with them Sedation act-allowed govt. to move those engaged in sedition against the govt. , defamatory or treasonous activities were prosecuted, and the law make it possible for the federal govt. to strife any oppression This acts were enacted to subdue Republican opposition, the sedation act meant that govt. could obtain and convict Republic newspaper, whose only offensive activity was criticizing the federalist 30.Virginia and Kentucky r esolution Republican leaders hoped the nose candy of Alien and Sedation Act on the state law-makers because of the Acts opposition against Republicans The republicans put ut a theory for state accusation, one by Jefferson, called the Kentucky resolution, adopted by Kentucky legislator and the other by Madison, called the Virginia resolution canonical by Virginia general assembly Both resolutions used idea of derriere Locke to argue that the federal govt. had been formed by a boneheaded among the states and possessed only certain delegate powers, whenever it exercised any undelegate powers like the acts they were unauthorized and the state had right to keep off the appropriate law This revealed resentment toward policies that the administration assed, exercising more power than ever before and using power to benefit one party Even if the Republicans did not get support for nullification, they succeeded in elevating their dispute to national level (nation became divided polit ically resulting many arguments) 31 .Issue of 1800 election Issue of nation very divided politically resulting in one of the most ugliest elections in American history with Mudslinging Jefferson incriminate of too radical, having wild followers would solve terror similar to the French revolution and his romantic interestingness with a slave women Adams was portrayed as a tyrant conspiring to ecome king, and that the federalist were plotting to subvert human liberty and society, republicans carried the city by vast majority and Jefferson was elected but the constitution called for each elector to vote by ballot for two persons and they had an elector cheat on one vote for his partys presidential scene and another for the depravity President. To avoid a tie between Jefferson and remove, the Republicans had intended for one elector to give over from voting for burr but both candidates tied any ways with 73.The House of Representatives had to choose each state delegate woul d cast a single vote. The new Congress had an republican majority but would not hold office till after the president was inaugurated, so it was up to the Federalist. Hamilton concluded that Burr was too unreliable and Jefferson was elected 32. Adams reception in losing the presidency He took move to make the partys hold on the courts punch By the administration Act of 1801 , Federalist cut back the number of Supreme Court justiceships by one and increase the number of federal Judgeships as a whole Adams appointed Federalist to the newly created position and in midnight appointments stayed up till midnight signing the new Judges commission

NBA- National Basketball Association Research Paper

NBA- National Basketball Association - Research Paper casingNot only is the NBA among the four main North American professional sports leagues but its players are withal the worlds most lucratively paid sportsmen, way out by the average annual salary per player. Many attribute the success of the NBA to its culture and the manner in which it has managed to integrate its culture to its operations and goals, as pass on be seen in the discussion which ensues forthwith. First, it is important to consider the fact that the NBA has a wide culture, with this wideness taking on both black-tie and informal aspects. The formal culture of the NBA has mainly been consistent with the organizational policies, while the informal one has mainly been subject to socio-cultural preferences. According to Maymin, Maymin, and Shen (2011), to show for the similarity between NBA and business culture, NBA has also utilise creations and mergers to extend itself. Having been founded in 1946, the Basketbal l Association of America merged with NBL on August 3rd, 1949. This development culminated into the creation of the National Basketball Association. To extend its interests further, NBA has used franchising as its business culture. NBA in 1949 had 17 franchises that at the time were located in large and small cities, and large and small arenas. Through the 1950s, NBA consolidated its 11 franchises. In a closely related wavelength, it is important to note that NBA has also used contraction to move its franchises that had been located in smaller cities to get to large cities. For instance, it is against this backdrop that the Hawks moved from Quad Cities to Milwaukee, then to Missouri, St. Louis, while the Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati. In the same respect, Pistons moved from Indiana (Fort Wayne) to Detroit in 1957. The culture of merging, franchising and contraction started from the direct to expand. The growth of NBA into national and regional importance and the global recognition of NBA as the principal basketball league in the United States underscore the success of these focal point cultures- franchising, merging and contracting. One of the informal cultures of NBA is its identification with the African American and hip hop culture. The fact that rappers such as Sean Carter and Cornell Iral Hayness Jr. are major stakeholders in NBA teams (namely, Charlotte Bobcats and Brooklyn Nets respectively), underscore this. In like manner, a number of artists have managed to wear NBA throwback jerseys in their music videos. Likewise, NBA plays hip hop and rap music in basketball arenas during games. As if this is not enough, NBA video games NBA Live, ABC-ESPN and NBA 2K use hip hop music in their soundtracks and coverage. Some of the players in NBA have rapped or tried to rap, with Shaquille ONeal, Tony parker, Kobe Bryant, Chris Webber, Allen Iverson and Metta World Peace serving as examples of these basketball-players-cum-rappers. It is also not at all uncommon to find several NBA players who act or dress in ways that are consistent with rap and hip hop culture. It is for this same reason that many NBA players and members wear jewelry and spot tattoos, both inside and outback(a) basketball courts. A. Maymin, P. Maymin, and Shen (2011) contend that the close affiliation between the NBA and hip hop culture dates back to the late 1970s. This development follows the fact that the 1970s fall deep down the Cold

College Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

College Admission - Es narrate ExampleSo at the ripe age of six, I began with what would die a life- grand credit line of trying to be the best soccer player I could be. I tried my luck at baseball one year but put together it too unexciting and dry. I also tried a year of football in order to meet my fathers wish for me to become as good a football player as he was, but it just was not meant to be. Soccer, it was And I remember the awkwardness of stumbling onto the field as a young child. But I persevered and showed up for every practice determined to be the best player I could be. My parents have been super positive of my soccer career and have taken me to those ungodly 8 am games to sometimes traveling hours to play in a tournament. One can say we made it a family affair.After many years of compete for our local recreational league I decided to try out for my high direct soccer team. I was pretty confident knowing I would make a great addition to the team. After all I have b een playing soccer longer than close of my team mates trying out. However what I did not count on was my lack of preparation. I had spent most of summer that year at home playing a lot of video games and hanging out with friends while my friends were preparing for soccer tryouts. My Dad strongly support me to join the cross country team so I would be conditioned and get in shape for tryouts but I ignored his advice. So there I was again, staring at the list. How could this have happened?In the words of Abraham Lincoln, My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your reverse. I can assure you that I was not content with my failure that day. Success for me is defined as preparation, commitment and motivation to achieve my goals. I take to to apply this valuable lesson to my college experience. I know there will be successes as well as a few failures but as long as I remember that there is always something to be learned by both. May be I will not

Becoming a Gendered Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Becoming a Gendered Body - Essay ExampleWhile these ideas are evident in adult bodies, there has not been a great deal of study into how these ideas are originally formed as it is commonly assumed to be natural. Martin suggests it is instead something created at about preschool age, at least partly as a result of the hidden school curriculum in which students are taught to behave in specific ways to palliate the needs of the classroom, teaching and reinforcing specific gendered behavior in the process. The research method for the study was participant observation as the researcher observed five different preschool classes in two different preschools located in the same city. One was located near the citys university and the other was a Catholic school. The study group consisted of 112 children and 14 teachers in which all of the teachers were female. Of the children, 58 percent were boys and 42 percent were girls with very little diversity of ethnicities and little or no difference in sparing class as all of the children were classified as having come from middle class homes. The researcher and her assistant observed activities within the classroom approximately tierce times per week for eight months, taking notes and trying to remain as unobtrusive as possible within the classroom setting. Observations were taken during both organise and unstructured activity times. Field notes were then analyzed using Hyper-Research software. Martin determined that gender among young children is created through a variety of factors. One of the most remarkable factors was dress/body adornment. Surprisingly, she found that most little girls were dressed in pink or pastels almost every day while boys were dressed in primary colors, green, orange and black, but never pink.

Acts of Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acts of Faith - Essay ExampleIn this book, the author dialogue about various identity related issues that young Muslim immigrant generation faces in America. The author tries to govern a perfect balance between the life-time of a Muslim and a fully American person.A person taking birth in America comes usually faces identity crisis because he/she has to wield with the challenge of finding the real identity out of the pool of incomplete identities. In this book, the author has mentioned that in the process of finding his true self, he experienced different aspects of a mixed culture. For example, the author was taking inspirations from people from different worships and had relations with Mormon and Jewish women. Practicing a different religion (Buddhism), having parents from some other religion (Islam), and discovering roots in some other culture (Indian Culture) are the basic elements of this book. This book is mainly for such immigrants who are in despair or feel alienated ab out their future. In a world full of fundamentalist aggression and noticeable religious division, this book provides a way and go for for people to find their real self, as well as a direction towards their future.I think this book is a good source of want for people taking birth and growing up in America as Muslim immigrants. In general, such people face difficulty in finding their origin in terms of culture and region because they live in a Western culture that does not hold the same heathenish or religious values as of their real cultures and religions. In some cases, they face identity crisis in their whole lives. This book provides them with some hope to find their identities while living in a different society. One of the main challenges for a second generation Muslim immigrant is to find the roots of his/her own religion and culture after facing a series of rejections all through his/her adolescence and early adulthood. This book can help such

Literary Analysis Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literary Analysis Paper - Assignment Examplelped each other and do life bearable, the diorama of race is brought out in the story however the social class which a person belongs to have a bigger role.The 2 characters have the ability to be victimizers since they have one another. They shargon the same fact of being left by their parents in St. Bonnys. The reason for Twyla to be there was because she danced for the whole night and Robertas was because she was ill. Both girls felt the pain of being abandoned by their parents and it was the main reason that the girls remained together irrespective of their antithetical races. The later meeting they had at the dinner was however described as not worm by Twyla. The aspect of their racial difference seemed to be an roll in the hay of the feeling. However, when the two ladies talk about their meeting they mention of how they lived together in Newburgh, a society that was segregated racially and also had different social and stinting cl asses (Yurdasever 36).Roberta got married to a rich person, and Twyla married a fireman. The hierarchies of power are involved with powerlessness and also intimidation however, in the scene of business they are comprised with race. In the story Twyla described Maggie as being sandy-colored, and when Roberta referred to Maggie as a black person Twyla immediately rejected the idea. The memory of Twyla can get the headway at this time also to be questioned is the completeness of Twyla in terms of storytelling. She states I could not be certain. She questioned her memory and could not tell the race in which Maggie belonged. She just remembered that Maggie had semicircle legs and a kiddie hat. It indicates that the race was not a major issue in St. Bonnys. However, in the community the two women are living the aspect of race has taken a new meaning (Yurdasever 39).Elizabeth Abel indicates Roberta is skeptical concerning racial harmony. The issue of her mother being overbearing is suppo sed to be the cause for

Response paper 7, chinese literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response paper 7, chinese literature - Essay ExampleThe first two stanzas refer the stars, weather, skies, and wind with an accepting attitude. The writer knows that weather and the stars cannot be changed, so the narrator accepts the storm or calm weather as a fact of life, spirit at the beauty of nature without any complaint. The unknown causes of the universe cannot be understood by the narrator, so acceptance and appreciation is the resulting attitude. After the passive verbal description of the surroundings, the narrator states an old mans wish to sail away. This stanza is influenced by the Zihuangzis thought of a mans impassive look at life. The old man wishes to sail, but both the narrator and old man understand that is not the old mans Dao. In return, the narrators suffering in the jungle is accepted as the narrators Dao. The trip was balanced by the acceptance of good and bad. Throughout this whole poetry Zihuangzis thought is a main influencing

Developing Professional Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developing Professional Practice - Coursework ExampleIn particular, they ar equal to(p) to perform the assessment as to whether the professions as well as their organizations are up to(p) to engage in what they know and what they understand. As such, they are able to really make a signifi natest difference hence drive the performance of the company (CIPD, 2014).It is mainly the two core headmaster areas that include the CIPD HR profession map and other behaviors that help to uphold the concept of HR professionalism. These are all covered in the CIPD map in the form of 10 professional areas that encompass 8 types of behavior that are set out within the 4 different bands that are related to competence. The map is thus able to copbver most of the areas in HR professionalism. Band 1 is located at the start of Hr and is extensive up to band 4 that is mainly comprised of ranking(prenominal) leaders (Valerio, 2005).The CIPD professional map is highly designed to pull up stakes releva nce and applicability to most HR professionals who are in operation anywhere almost the world. This applies to all sectors as well as organizations of all shapes and sizes. This is because of the way with which it is designed to offer support to a variety of support to every HR professional at all the stages of their career. Through the focus on the core that helps professional to build up the various technical areas that are relevant to their professional areas, these professionals are able to develop a number of insights, strategies and come up with workable solutions. They are able to use the CIPD HR profession map to develop insights and solutions that can be put into action. These are given priorities and developed through a deep understanding of the business. It thus involves both the contextual understanding of the organization (CIPD, 2014). corking professionals in the HR field work better from a contextual and deep understanding of the business and the organization. It hel ps them to come up with insights and strategies that are actionable and provide them

Price-Hike-Train-Wreck - Netflix Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Price-Hike-Train-Wreck - Netflix - Assignment Examplef customers from Netflix provided a huge opportunity to its competitors and the company began running losses, which was worse than expected (Sandoval, 2012).The down the stairslying problem, which had led to the meltdown of Netflix, was the pace at which it had been advancing to change its production line model. The problem was twofold. If the company had chosen to act too slowly, then it could have upset out on its business to its competitors, who propagated online streaming and if it continued to advance very fast, then it could have alienated its customers. The pace of the operation and the haphazard way in which it was conducted, led to the major fall. Following are the ways in which the company could have saved its position.Firstly, the company should have played the ball strategically and quite of delivering the bad news of 60% price hike, it should have first released the news about signing of streaming deals with eight new studios, including Paramount, Sony and Miramax and more than 3,500 TV episodes from 15 different network and cable stations, to gain the trust of customers (Adams, 2011).Thirdly, the company could have started its video streaming business, as a subsidiary to its main DVD business, under the same brand and once this genre had gained popularity, it could have phased out the DVD business.The idea that the company was trying to propagate was not incorrect. The popularity of DVD rentals is fast lessen and demand for online streaming is increasing, despite the fact that quality of the latter is inferior to that of the former. This is because online streaming has no shipping costs and revenues that can be earned from this business is higher than that earned from the business of DVD rentals. The closure of the large DVD rental chains signals the fact that betting on this business will no longer be profitable (Mendelson, 2013). In this regard, the vision of the company was ahead of its times and perhaps to some extent reasonable, but the pace of

Critical evaluation of Intercontinental hotel network Essay

Critical rating of Intercontinental hotel network - Essay ExampleAspects to be considered will imply hardware and software, in addition to strategies and policies. Various methods of research will be undertaken regarding the software and hardware. A findings chapter will be included which will talk rough shortfalls of the existing system in the hotel. At the end of this investigation, an improvement of the system will be suggested.This project will be based on a critical evaluation of the Intercontinental Hotel Network. It will examine the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) network of the hotel based in Hyde Park, London.Based on the critical evaluation of the network a new and improvised network will be suggested. The 120 staff members of the hotel will be connected to the network. There will be adequate provisions for security of the network. All the computers will be connected to the main server. In addition, the hotel will have the facility to provide wireless ear nings service to its guests, who will be able to connect to the Internet from any of the 460 rooms. The recommended network will include teleworking facility for the staff over a secure network environment. All the latest ICT innovations will be incorporated in the design to make the network state-of-the-art and to offer the maximum payoff to the hotel, its customers and its personnel. The upgraded network will utilize cutting edge technologies such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Virtual LAN (VLAN), Virtual cloistered Network (VPN) and Voice over IP (VoIP) over the network. Security will be assured through the use of firewalls, a reliable security and give-and-take policy and. enterprise antivirus solutions.This project aims at looking at the existing system in the hotel, critically evaluating it and then recommending possible improvements and changes in the system, based on the latest

Financial crisis 2008 for corporate governance & ethics course Case Study

Financial crisis 2008 for corporate governance & ethics course - Case Study pillow slipMoral hazard occurs when a party to a contract understanding that the consequences of their actions will be borne by a different party puts themselves under more risks. This paper aims at analyzing the characteristics that make the 2008 financial crisis an ethics and specifically moral hazard situation and the measures taken for effectively eradicating the recession.Reasons for the 2008 financial crisis include massive across the country residential housing bubble, financial sector overleveraging, unregulated subprime lending growth at a large rate, and lack of transparency in new, complex, and more prevalent mortgage based funds. The other reasons for the global financial crisis in 2008 was resultant inability to measure risk, screening of borrowers and bank lending of precarious loans and lack of carry on on ability to pay with main aim being origination of loans (Dowd, 143). These factors t hat resulted in the financial crisis shows the blatant disregard by the financial institutions of the needs of the stakeholders by means of taking on precarious loans depicting an example of the lack of ethics or moral hazard situation. Securitization and subprime mortgage origination rose until 2006 when household debt was coulomb% of US GDP, causing rising interest rates making refinancing difficult and drop of housing prices and 1.3 million housing projects were on foreclosure in 2007, the crash had began. The continue days would be so tough for banks and other financial institutions owing to bank runs and collapse including certain governments that depended so much on foreign commercialise loans.The crisis could have been prevented through a reduction in the bailouts or the expectation of bailouts by firms since set precedence for firms to invest in risky activities. This is because when these activities are booming the investors benefit, but in case of failure, there are b ailout by the government. Having a law holding each person responsible for the risky actions that led to the

Recognizing Contract Risk and Opportunities Essay

Recognizing Contract Risk and Opportunities - Essay ExampleThe brush uping officials, upon receipt of the request allow review the performance evaluation and any supporting documentation and may meet with you and/or me, if deemed appropriate. With in 15 work days of receipt of the request, the receiving official will issue a written response to either uphold the performance, evaluation rating or direct that the evaluation be revisedThe one course of instruction engage between Span System and C-S is $6 million. This is C-S bigger e-CRM order in the pipeline, and the chances of Span System to getting the order lies in the contract performance. Leon Ther, the IT outsourcing director, is an prestigious personality, is one among the top negotiator of C-S. Span.After eight months of the objectify, problems started to set in. Spans deliverables have been behind schedule of the last couple of months. In the manner of prime(a), C-S had detected that the quality of the deliverables are unacceptable , or of low quality.Leon Ther, addressing his letter to Kevin Grant, he said that C-S can nit afford to have schedule slips due to its deadline for the release of a execution software in the market. Leon Ther had no other alternative but to ask for the immediate transfer of all unfinished code and asserter rescission of the contract by C-S.Problems at both ends are now arising. The user and the system have now grown since the determination of the study in the planning stage, thereof making it difficult for the accommodation of the agreed upon and cost and the timelines. Since the ordinary requirement changes had been agreed to in the contract, the actual change had been ordinary. Due to C-S change in its intention management structure, the approval and review times had been affected.Neither of the two parties may cancel the agreement, it is because subsequent to more than 50% of the consideration having been tendered by the other. Since more than 505 of the project s chedule had elapsed, C-s may not rescind the contract. Mere

Why is Gun Control a necessary tool to reduce the levels of violence Essay

Why is Gun Control a necessary tool to reduce the levels of violence in the USA - try ExampleHowever, the Gun Lobby groups argon well organized, well funded, and substantially powerful for the all-out ban on such guns. Various government place bully various lawmakers such as Congress members, Senators, and State Reps due to passing strict and effective legislation on firearms.The perception of people eat people is an unfounded phenomenon that gun rights advocates do not support. It is worth noting that guns were designed to murder people. The item is a war weapon that has become a course of life. Life is abruptly put to an end or altered through the pull of a trigger and the pistols crack. Many murder cases occurring across the world indicate that people have prior knowledge of each other in bar rooms, within the home, in parking lots, or on street corners among family, friends, and acquaintances (Spano & Pridemore & Bolland 19). In times of heated situations, the possession of firearms translates into murder. The other frequent occurrence in this case is evident when young kids have access to the guns. They dissemble with fellow typical kids without knowledge of them being loaded. When kids poses to shoot others, it results into murder as they do not have a realization that such guns argon in reality loaded.In most cases, people with proper knowledge of one another involve in drastic arguments that become deadly in the presence of firearms. However, in reality, these individuals do not have an awareness of the actions they per take up to the moment the action crosses their mind and they face such situations. Further, it is even easier for people to aim a gun at people out of anger. This results in death or even permanent paralysis. In other poor urban areas, aspects of murder are rather rampant. This attributes to poverty, low employment, as well as minimal educational opportunities (Alcindor 123).In drastic environments, the drug presence, bad housing, as well as overcrowding are also major pointers of gun violence.

Rohm and Haas Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rohm and Haas Case Study - Essay ExampleAllowing direct sales promotional material besides advertising and sponsorship tradeing will help in reaching out both small-scale and large-scale industries. Cons Utilizing versatile media for spreading awareness would be a costly affair. Motivating the existing metalworking formulators to grapple this product as individual package would be highly challenging because of low scratch margin for large-scale dealers and less budget for this project. Recommendations The second alternative best suits the present situation for improving sales of Kathon MWX. Considering the 1982 nosecount of Wholesale Trade that listed 14327 industrial summate houses, which supplied products from larger formulators to majority of the ferrous metalworking industries, no better option for improving promotion of Kathon MWX can be found. These industrial supply houses cover products from large-scale formulators to various segments of metalworking industries in the formulations, they use Kathon 886 MW as a concentrate and for maintenance rather than Kathon MWX. The domestic market comprises mainly of non-ferrous metalworking industries that adduce aluminum sheet, foil, and cans in large scale. This segment is well aware of Kathon 886 MW. However, this segment would not require Kathon MWX to treat their tanks of more than 15,000 gallons. In such situation, introducing Kathon MWX to the 14,327 industrial supply houses would help in ensuring it reaches more number of customers because of their customer base. These channels of distributors will also be aware of the requirement of various industries for Kathon MWX and Kathon 886 MW. Considering that the industrial supply houses sell Kathon 886 MW as a part of formulation package from other formulators/distributors, and that Kathon 886 MW is the... The paper proposed several alternatives that best suit the situation in Rohm and Haas for improving sales of Kathon MWX. Considering the 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade that listed 14327 industrial supply houses, which supplied products from larger formulators to majority of the ferrous metalworking industries, no better option for improving promotion of Kathon MWX can be found. These industrial supply houses sell products from large-scale formulators to various segments of metalworking industries in the formulations, they use Kathon 886 MW as a concentrate and for maintenance rather than Kathon MWX. The domestic market comprises mainly of non-ferrous metalworking industries that produce aluminum sheet, foil, and cans in large scale. This segment is well aware of Kathon 886 MW. However, this segment would not require Kathon MWX to treat their tanks of more than 15,000 gallons. In such situation, introducing Kathon MWX to the 14,327 industrial supply houses would help in ensuring it reaches more number of customers because of their customer base. These channels of distributors will also be aware of the requirement of various industr ies for Kathon MWX and Kathon 886 MW. Considering that the industrial supply houses sell Kathon 886 MW as a part of formulation package from other formulators/distributors, and that Kathon 886 MW is the most preferred biocide, it would be easier to convince them to sell Kathon MWX.

Pick a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pick a topic - Essay ExamplePostal gain Nearing Bankruptcy as Email Asserts Its Dominance(Wehner). Some people may regard this change in communication because technology has made it cheaper and faster to send than every before. Yet, there be many other people who view technologys changes to communication as a very negative wedge as it has created a new generation of people who are extremely ignorant in terms of communicating appropriately and effectively.According to the article empower What is Good Communication, there are distinct characteristics which clearly defines good versus dreary communication. In looking at the comparison, it is evident that many of the qualities, which make up bad communication are extremely evident in much of the communication conducted via technology. For example, poor communication has qualities such as people wear(ing)masks, the sender attacks the receiver, receiver doesnt listen to sender, either sender or receiver is distracted, message is garb led or ambiguous, sender has hidden agenda, and one or more of the people convoluted are overemotional (What is Good Communication). All of these qualities can be found in how people communicate today due to the influence of technology. This is peculiarly prevalent for Internet based and texting based communication where people are able to hide behind their electronic devices which creates an atmosphere of anonymity and a moody sense of security for the communicators as they are not having to deal with a person in any real capacity.Because of this negative impact, it has become increasingly great in my own life to incorporate the characteristics of good communication with those that I communicate with using methods such as email, Skype, and telephones. People, nowadays, already carry an expectation with them that they are dealing with poor communicators when they technologically communicate with a person. Therefore, I ensure that I strictly

Caravaggio’s Religious Imagery Essay Example for Free

Caravaggios Religious Imagery EssayThe topic to be examined involves the iconological consume of selected religious works by Italian deviceist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. The term iconological refers to the study of visual imagery and its symbolism and commentary, especially in social or political terms. The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the symbolism of Caravaggios paintings and their impact on society in a historical sense through present day. A secondary purpose is to throttle the extent to which, if any, that his contrivance has influenced politics and religion dating back to the late sixteenth century. There are three facets of the research problem (1) the impact of the invigorated Baroque style of painting that Caravaggio defined (2) the influence that his religious works had on the church, politics, and society and (3) the iconological study of Caravaggio. The study is significant for two reasons. First, since art and coating have major i nfluence on society and history, it is important to recognize Caravaggio for his role in averting the threat of Protestantism by replacing the ruling affectation period of European painting with his radical naturalistic approach to chiaroscuro.The term chiaroscuro refers to a painting technique that involves an intricate use of shadow and light. Second, the study exit address the implications for art and religion in society in relation to the issue of barriers and obstacles that have been faced and whether they have been truly overcome. Hypotheses Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio profoundly changed the art world, bringing about definitiveness to Baroque and eliminating Mannerism. Caravaggios authentic religious works that filled the Counter-Reformation Church helped to form specific religions based on imagery.The symbolism and interpretation of Caravaggios religious pieces was that they were radically natural, combining theatre and drama with close physical observations. In provin g the above hypotheses to be true through utilization of the spare-time activity methodology, the impact of Caravaggio on religion and society will be obvious. It is also necessary to take other scholars who have come before him into consideration in order to detail exactly what impact his works have made.Although he was somewhat ignored after a short period of fame in the 17th century, until the twentieth century, he is to be formally credited with the evolution of art from Mannerism to the new Baroque. There has been an overall positive impact on art and religion because of his development. Methodology The research will use a non-experimental design. The data collection method will be a combination of observation, interviews, and the use of pre-existing records.After an initial period in Australia, becoming familiar with relevant secondary material on the subject I will go to Italy to test paintings first hand. The three religious works by Caravaggio that have been selected fo r personal observation in situ are as follows n Deposition of Christ in the Sepulchre, 1602-1603, Oil on Canvas, 300 x 203cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican City n The Calling of paragon Matthew, 1599-1600, Oil on Canvas, 322 x 340cm, Contareli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome n Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 1600, Oil on Canvas, 230 x 175cm, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Literature ReviewIn researching the identified topic, many of the traditional sources, articles and books, on Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and his works were that of negativity giving him little or no credit for the profound impact he has had on art history. The intention of this research paper is to disclose the verity through interpretation while tax return-arguing past research on the subject that is seemingly incorrectly represented. Primary Sources Alpers, Svetlana. Describe or Narrate? A job in Realistic Representation. New Literary History, Vol 81, Readers and Spectators Some Views and Reviews (Autumn 1976), pp. 15-41This article, taken from the New Literary History journal, volume 8, discusses Caravaggio as a capacious operative but describes his art as offensive and vulgar rather than profound and evolutionary. In order to validly make my claim, it is necessary to show arguments against my stated hypotheses and counter them effectively, which is why this article will be of significant use to me in compiling my extracted information. Chorpenning, Joseph F. Another Look at Caravaggio and Religion. Artibus et Historiae, Vol 816 (1987), pp. 149-158I weigh this journal article can provide the basis for my project. It is very similar to the intentions of my research paper and will help to make my finished piece a worthwhile, significant, and original investigation for the truth. Friedlaender, Walter F. Caravaggio Studies. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1955 Walter Friedlaender, the author of Caravaggio Studies, is one of the first to write about the obscur e Italian artist. Although sections of the biography appear to be speculative, there is a great deal of information that is unavailable elsewhere in this book.

Communications Plan Essay Example for Free

Communications Plan EssayThe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and TSA awarded a $37m kick in for magnification projects at Denver International aerodrome. These funds atomic number 18 being utilize for the master picture projects. Approximately $11.6m will go towards rehabilitating runway 8/26, and over $1.7m will be used to improve the taxiway system surrounding Jeppesen Terminal. virtually $8.7m will be used to upgrade runway 16L/34R. somewhat $15m from the TSA grant will be spent on improving the personal line of creditports baggage test system. Stakeholder AnalysisTo examine the role of the communication channelport stakeholders a precise commentary of stakeholders and their goals for the drome is necessary. The purpose of this section is to identify the airdromes goals from the point of view of each stakeholder group.1) PassengersFor passengers, the airport provides a transition point surrounded by the nation and air conveyance of title modes, or a connection point between deuce flights. Different sub-types of passengers cook been identified (Neufville Odoni 2003)1) Arriving passengers2) Originating passengers3) Transfer passengers4) International and domestic passengers5) lease and low-f atomic number 18 airline passengers6) Shuttle/commuter passengersThese passenger types atomic number 18 non mutually exclusive rather, an psyche passenger may be a member of more(prenominal) than matchless subtype of passenger categories. Arriving and originating passengers ar commonly referred to as origin and destination (OD) passengers. Independent of the passenger classifications according to the above attributes, the passengers may be viewed in two different capacities in the context of this analysis. First, passengers can be viewed as participants in the economical system, either as business travelers or as tourist/ leisure time travelers, purchasing go from airport service providers and interacting in different ways with topical anesthetic anaesthetic businesses and the local community. Second, passengers can be viewed as individual travelers that have expectations intimately receiving quality services, and passing through the airport system in a convenient manner. These two perspectives have different implications on the goals for the airports and will be treated separately in the following subsections.a) Passengers as Economic ParticipantsPassengers may participate in the economic system in one of several ways 1) As origin leisure/ ad hominem travelers These are passengers from the local community that use the airport as their departure point for leisure or other personal travel. 2) As origin business travelers These are travelers representing local businesses, using the airport as their departure point. 3) As destination leisure/personal travelers These are visitors to the region, for touristry or other personal purposes. 4) As destination business travelers These are business travelers coming to visit local businesses. If the airports occupation is firmly geared toward OD employment, then demand at the airport is more heavily determined by the local economy.In contrast, significant connecting (transfer) passenger levels are less sensitive to the per get upance of the local economy, but those traffic volumes may represent vulnerability for the airport since they are to a greater degree dictated by a aircraft carriers viability and route decisions. Passengers contribute toward the financing of airport capital improvement projects through Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs) of up to $4.50 per passenger. PFCs are paid directly by passengers through airline tickets and proceeds must be used for capital improvements at the airport that collected them (Wells Young 2003). The goals for passengers as economic participants relates to the cost of travel Providing access to low airfares is a key objective for the airport in the view of air passengers.b) Passenger as TravelersWh en considering the passengers as travelers as a stakeholder group, the counselling is on the passenger as an individual. The goal of the airport from the individual passenger viewpoint is, moving passengers quickly and conveniently to where they indispens suitableness to go. This view considers the airport as a transit point from one mode of transportation to another, or as a connection point between two different flights. Ensuring on-time performance was raised as the most important aspect to achieving this objective. 2) Business, Commerce, Tourism, Arts, Sports, and Education Organizations The organizations that in various ways are customers of the airport have been summarized as business, commerce, tourism, arts, sports, and education organizations. Some organizations are direct users of the airport by importing or exporting services (i.e. business travelers) and goods (raw materials or finished goods). other organizations are indirect customers of the airport as a result of t heir customers (e.g. tourists) traveling through the airport. The term organizations is used to encompass both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations.OrganizationsOrganizations whose clients arrive through the airportOrganizations that are direct users of the airportImporters of services and goodsExporters of services and goodsThe airport serves as an engine of business activity for the organizations in the region. The airport drives and supports economic activity in several different ways, including both through business activities directly at the airport and through business activities throughout the regional economy (Button Stough 2000). Underlying goals for maximise this economic activity include maximizing passenger volumes and traffic at the airport as well as maximizing the number of destinations served and the frequency of those services (Matt Erskine, Greater Washington Board of Trade 2009). As a result of the different types of use of the airport described in the pr evious paragraph, the priority of one goal over another varies between organizations.3) Air CarriersAir carriers provide the air transportation service from the airports. Air carriers include both passenger and consignment carriers and are classified into three subcategories (Environmental Protection Agency 2000) 1) Large certified carriers These carriers have a certificate to carry 61 passengers or more, payload concern to or greater than 18,000 pounds, or conduct international operations. 2) Small certified carriers These carriers fly aircraft that carry less than 61 passengers, carry less than 18,000 pounds, and do not conduct international operations. 3) Commuter carriers These are air taxis with a published schedule of at least five weekly round trips between at least two airports. Air carriers select airports based on the passenger demand for service to/from the airports (i.e. revenue generation potential) and based on the cost of operate at the airport. The airlines have t he objective of achieving high school yields, (Doganis 2002).aerodromes serve the role of providing access to high yield markets. Attractive airports reassure low cost of air carrier operations at the airport. This includes both minimizing direct gifts charged to air carriers through the maximization of non-aeronautical revenues (Dallas Dawson, Tampa International Airport 2009) and minimizing costs incurred by air carriers through waiting on the ground (Peter Stettler, Ricondo and Associates 2009). An airport may serve either as a hub for a carrier, with a high portion of that carriers flights operating(a) to/from the airport, or as a non-hub airport with a lower portion of flights for a given carrier (Belobaba et al. 2009). In either situation, the airport should act as an efficient hub/connection point, contributing to ensuring air carriers on time performance (Pat Oldfield, United Airlines 2009). In addition, it is the expectation of air carriers that airports ensure safety o f operations on the airport surface (Kurt Krummenacker, Moodys 2009).4) General Aviation UsersGeneral breeze encompasses many types of aviation outside the air carrier definition, including (Wells Young 2003).1) Air taxi hustlers (except those air taxi operators listed in section IV.A.3)2) Corporate-executive transportation3) Flight instruction4) Aircraft rental5) Aerial application6) Aerial observation7) Business8) PleasureSeveral of the goals listed for air carriers also apply to general aviation in terms of on-time performance, low costs, and safety. However, a representative of a business aviation organization defined the elemental goal of airports as serving as access point to the national air transportation system by providing good availability and high capabilities in terms of instrumentation and services (Jeff Gilley, National Business Aviation Association 2009). 5) Airport OrganizationThe airport organizational structure varies (Neufville Odoni 2003) and can be comprise d of an individual airport such as Dallas Fort deserving Airport (DFW) (DFW Airport 2009) or as a group of airports managed by the very(prenominal) organization, such as the metropolitan Washington Airports imprimatur (MWAA) (Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority 2009). The airport organization is overseen by a board appointed by local governments. In big airports or systems of airports, a common feature is that the organization includes a separation of operating units which carry out on-going management of airport operations, and they are separate from ply units which have responsibility for (among several other areas) infrastructure phylogeny (Neufville Odoni 2003). The airport itself pays for some capital infrastructure projects.Airport operating revenues come from sources such as landing fees, terminal leases and proceeds from concessions sales. This revenue is used to pay for the airports operating expense, but any surplus can be used to contribute toward capital im provements. A set of goals for the airport organization can be derived from studying airports strategic plans and objectives and from interviewing airport management experts. The primary objective (sometimes referred to as the mission) of the airport is to provide access to high quality air services to its region. Other goals, such as ensuring strong financial performance and high operational efficiency, are considered as means to an end in that they enable the airport to achieve this overarching goal (DFW Airport 2008 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006). A compact view of the airports goals is presented using the structure of Denver International Airports strategic plan (Denver International Airport 2009)1) Excel in airport management This goal includesa) Achieve high security and safety (City of Cleveland, Department of porthole Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006) b) Grow revenue and manage costs (City of Cleveland , Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009 DFW Airport 2008 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006) c) Drive economic growth (Denver International Airport 2009) d) Grow passenger numbers (City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009) e) Provide access to a high number of destinations and a high frequency of service (Denver International Airport 2009).This goal relates immediately to the primary objective of the airport described above. Airport management must also achieve a balance where sufficient infrastructure capacity exists for handling traffic magical spell capacity is at the same time not over-built (Paul McKnight, Jacobs Consultancy 2009 Frank Berardino, GRA Inc 2009). Additionally, a key objective for airports is to maximize non-aeronautical revenues since that provides diversified revenues and allows for keeping usage charges to air carriers low, thereby potentially attracting more traffic (Chellie Came ron, MWAA 2009 Peter Stettler, Ricondo and Associates 2009 Seth Lehman and Emma Walker, Fitch Ratings 2009).2) Provide high levels of customer service This goal includes ensuring a good experience for both passengers and other customers (City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009 DFW Airport 2008 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006). 3) Develop environmentally sustainable practices and minimize noise This goal includes minimizing emissions, energy consumption, etc., indoors the airport (Denver International Airport 2009 City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007). Some airports, such as Sea-Tac, are also beginning to expand their focus by considering greenhouse gas emissions not only from the airport-controlled operations but also from airlines and other tenants as well as the public (Port of Seattle, Sea-Tac Airport 2007). relate to this is the goal of minimizing airport-related noise (Neufville Odonin2003).4) Develop hig h-performing employee teams This goal relates to developing effective and skilled employees (City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009) and maximizing employee usage (DFW Airport 2008). 5) Enhance competitive advantage This goal includes providing competitive user place and protecting the airports physical infrastructure (Denver International Airport 2009 City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007).Some of these goals may be in competition with each other. For instance, the goal of maximizing non-aeronautical revenue can contradict with the goal of developing environmentally sustainability and providing a good experience for passengers The latter two goals would be aided by promoting and developing access to public transportation access modes to the airport such as bus or rail. However, the goal of maximizing non-aeronautical revenue is better served by maximizing revenue-generation in the form of set revenue from private vehicl es. In such instances, airport management must balance the competing priorities in order to accomplish the goals of the airport. 6) Investors and Bond-HoldersThe majority of airport debt is of the general airport revenue bond (GARB) type. GARB means that the bond is backed by revenues generated from airport operations and not backed by any government bread and butter source. The credit ratings agencies Moodys, Standard and Poors, and Fitch Ratings participate in this system by assigning grades of investment quality to the airports bonds. The ratings agencies ratings affect the interest rates and terms of the bonds (Wells Young 2003). A large number of factors impact the bond ratings, including1) Historical and projected population growth2) Historical and projected employment expansion and mix3) Passenger growth4) Airport utilization trends5) Portion of origin and destination (OD) traffic6) The importance of the facility to the overall US system of airports7) Whether the airport i s in a favorable geographic location (e.g. is it a natural hub location?)8) Airfield capacity and attractiveness of facilities9) Debt burden and carrying costs10) Financial potency of carriers with a lot of connecting traffic, and their level of commitment to the airport11) The role of the airport in the dominant carriers network12) The level of legal flexibility for the airport to change the rates it charges air carriers7) ConcessionairesAirport concessionaires operate passenger services in terminal buildings and may include food and beverage services, sell services, and hotels. Concessions operators pay the airport organization a fixed annual fee and/or a percentage of gross revenues (Wells Young 2003). Considering the concessions operators objective of maximizing profits, the goals of the airport for these operators are deduced to be maximizing passenger volumes and minimizing the fees paid to the airport organization.8) Service ProvidersThe service providers are private oper ators that offer services to air carriers and general aviation users. Independent operators may supply these services (e.g. fixed-base operators, FBOs), but some of the services may also be provided by the airport operator, the airline itself, or by another airline. Services provided include (Neufville Odoni 2003)1) Supply of aviation fuel and oil2) Baggage handling and sorting3) Loading and unloading of aircraft4) Interior cleaning of aircraft5) lavatory and water service6) Passenger transport to/from remote stands7) Catering transport8) Routine inspection and maintenance of aircraft at the stands 9) Aircraft starting, marshalling, and parking10) Aircraft de-icing11) Passenger handling (e.g. ticketing and check-in)12) commitment and mail handling13) Information services14) Preparation of handling and load-control documents15) Supervisory or administrative dutiesSimilar to concessionaires, independent service providers pay a fee to the airport organization which is typically a pe rcentage of gross revenues (Neufville Odoni 2003). In a parallel to concessionaires, service provider goals for the airport would include maximizing traffic volumes and minimizing the fees paid to the airport organization.9) EmployeesThe employee category includes both direct employees of the airports organization as well as employees of companies operating at the airport, such as concessions operators. Some employees are organized into unions, such as the Service Employees International Union (SEIU USW West 2009) and Unite Here (Unite Here 2009). The objective of the airport from the perspective of those unions is to provide pay off jobs, wages, and benefits (Unite Here 2009).10) Federal GovernmentThe federal government participates in the airport system in three different roles As a bill- remunerator, as an operator, and as a regulator. Each of these roles will be addressed in this section. In terms of the governments role as a bill payer for the system, the Airports Improvement Program (AIP) is administered by the FAA and its funding comes from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund, which in turn is funded by user fees and fuel taxes. AIP funds can be applied toward projects that support aircraft operations including runways, taxiways, aprons, noise abatement, land purchase, and safety, emergency or snow removal equipment. In order to be eligible for AIP funding, airports must be part of the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS), which imposes requirements on the airport for legal and financial compliance (Wells Young 2003). The NPIAS has two goals To ensure that airports are able to accommodate the growth in travel and to keep airports up to standards for the aircraft that use them (FAA 2008).The governments role as airport operators includes three different agencies 1) FAA The FAA is the operator of ramp, ground, local, and departure/arrival air traffic control services (United States Code of Federal Regulations 2010). 2) Transportation Secur ity Administration (TSA) The TSA provides passenger and baggage security screening services. The TSA differentiates that it is the goal for its baggage screening operations to screen for explosives and other dangerous items while maximizing efficiency (Transportation Security Administration 2009). This can be translated to state that it is the goal for the airport to ensure secure transportation of people and goods while minimizing the impact of security measures on legitimate travelers and goods.3) Customs and Border Protection (CBP) The CBP is liable for operating passport control and customs inspections at international airports. The CBP states that it is its mission to protect our nations borders from terrorism, human and drug smuggling, illegal migration, and agricultural pests while simultaneously facilitating the flow of legitimate travel and trade (Customs and Border Protection 2009). Just as for the TSA, this can be translated to state that it is the goal for the airport to ensure secure transportation of people and goods while minimizing the impact of security measures on legitimate travelers and goods. Lastly, the federal government is a regulator of the airports system. Airports that are included in the NPIAS are subject to a number of federal regulations that are enforced by the FAA and the Transportation Security Administration. The regulations apply to both the airport infrastructure as well as to service providers within the airport systems. The purpose of these rules is to ensure the safe and efficient operations of public-use airports (Wells Young 2003).11) Local GovernmentUS airports are with few exceptions not private, profitmaking enterprises. Instead, airports are typically owned and operated by public entities such as cities, counties, or local airport authorities (Neufville Odoni 2003). For instance, Washingtons Dulles and National airports are owned and operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA). The MWAA is officially a body independent of the local government but its board is appointed by the Governor of Virginia, the Mayor of the District of Columbia, the Governor of Maryland and the President of the United States). Similarly, youngark, LaGuardia, JFK, Stewart International, and Teterboro airports in metropolitan New York City are owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 2009). Dallas-Fort Worth Airport is jointly owned by the City of Dallas and the City of Forth Worth (DFW Airport 2009).The government owners in the form of city and local governments are represented by an airport board which is responsible for the strategic direction of the airport and for appointing airport management (Wells Young 2003). The local government is supported in an advisory role by federally funded Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) who are charged with assisting in planning for aviation and other transportation infrastructure for the local region (Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations 2010). State and local government also contribute as bill-payers for capital improvement projects (Airports Council International North America 2009). The objectives of the airport from the point of view of the local government is representative of those of the local community it represents and involves both maximizing its positive effects while minimizing its negative effects. One form of positive impact of the airport is in the shape of economic effects.There is significant literature on the economic impact of airports. However, many studies are sponsored by the airports authorities themselves, making them more political than analytical. Although there may be no definitive measure of the economic impact of airports, a structure for the types of impacts of airports to their regional communities has proposed (Button Stough 2000) 1) Short-term impact from construction, expansion, and renovation of airports 2) Sustain ed impact in the form of jobs at the airport (direct impact) and off-airport jobs that result from the multiplier effect of the income generated by employees at the airport 3) Stimulus of the local economy as a result of firms and individuals having air transportation services at their disposal 4) Spurring other economic development by crossing thresholds for economies of scale, scope, and density. The authors note that this last form of impact is very difficult to quantify.COMMUNICATION PLANCommunication ObjectivesThe objective of this strategic communications plan is to serve as a road map for how communications will be done between members of the project team as well as the stakeholders.. This plan comprises objectives, strategies and tactics for how team correspondence will be performed between each facet of the project team..Works CitedKurt Krummenacker, Moodys, 2009. Interview of Kurt Krummenacker, Moodys, by David Schaar, George Mason University.Metropolitan Washington Airpor ts Authority, 2009. Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Facts. Available at http//www.mwaa.com/about_the_authority/facts Accessed October 15, 2012.Neufville, R.D. Odoni, A.R., 2003. Airport systems, McGraw-Hill Professional.Port of Seattle, Sea-Tac Airport, 2007. Port of Seattle,Seattle-Tacoma International Airport,Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 2006,Sarkis, J., 2000. An analysis of the operational efficiency of major airports in the United States. Journal of Operations Management, 18(3), 335-351.Sarkis, J. Talluri, S., 2004. Performance based clustering for benchmarking of US airports. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, 38(5), 329-346.Schap, D., 1986. Municipal self-control in the electric utility industry, Praeger.SEIU USW West, 2009. SEIU USW West About Us. Available at http//www.seiu-usww.org/about/Default.aspx Accessed October 16, 2012.Smith, D.M., 1979. Where the grass is greener, Taylor Francis.The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, 2009. Overview of Facilities and Services About the Port Authority. Available at http//www.panynj.gov/about/facilities-services.html Accessed October 18, 2012.Transportation Security Administration, 2009. Transportation Security Administration What We Do. Available at http//www.tsa.gov/what_we_do/index.shtm Accessed October 16, 2012.Unite Here, 2009. Unite Here. Available at http//www.unitehere.org/about/airports.php Accessed October 16, 2012.United States Code of Federal Regulations, 2010. Title 14,Part 91. Available at Accessed February 5, 2010.Upham, P.J., 2003. Towards sustainable aviation,Earthscan.US-Citizens Aviation Watch, 2009. US-Citizens AviationWatch. Available at http//www.us-caw.org/ Accessed October 16, 2012.Wells, A.T. Young, S.B., 2003. Airport planning management, McGraw-Hill Professional.White, E.T., 1976. Utilities, Dept. of defending team, National Defense University, Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Wolfe, H.P. NewMyer, D.A., 1985. Aviation industry regulation, SIU Press.