Sociology ia free essay sample

An effort to thoroughly evaluate the statement of problem, â€Å"the extent to which labels or stigmas negatively impacts on juvenile behavior in High Schools in Malvern†, the Internal Assessment will be encompassing three major objectives. These are (1) To determine what motivates students to commit acts of deviance in schools (juveniles). (2) To observe if deviant acts are committed only by persons of a particular, gender, age category, and social class etc. (3) The extent to which the family unit can be held responsible for producing deviants as they are the primary unit of socialization. [Dysfunctional families] (4) To establish, that certain deviant acts are sanctioned as opposed to others. THERE are a range of threats to mangrove forests in Jamaica and, by extension, the Caribbean and the world. They include over-harvesting, river changes, clearing, over-fishing, pollution, coral reef loss and climate change. Over-harvesting Mangrove trees the world over are used for firewood charcoal production as well as for construction wood and wood chips. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology ia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While harvesting is a practice that has been ongoing for hundreds of years, it has got out of hand in recent times. In some instances, faced with limited alternatives, if any, people in certain poor communities, such as St Thomas here in Jamaica, increasingly rely on mangroves for charcoal production, for example. The result is over-harvesting, which threatens the survivability of mangrove forests. River changes Dams and irrigation cause a reduction in the quantity of water that gets to mangrove forests, thus changing the salinity (salt) level of the water in the forests. Where salinity levels become too high, the mangroves die. Freshwater diversions may also threaten the survival of mangroves. Erosion, which is caused by deforestation of land, may also deplete mangrove forests. This is so since deforestation increases sediment in rivers, which can undermine the mangroves filtering ability. Clearing This involves people removing the mangrove forests or sections thereof to facilitate the construction of housing solutions, agriculture production, and infrastructure development. In the last several years, the forests have been destroyed to accommodate tourist developments, such as hotels. It is this fear that exists among members of the environment lobby group World African Reunification Solidarity Association (WARSA) regarding a proposal by state minister in the Ministry of Housing, Water, Transport and Works, Fenton Ferguson, to have a 600-room hotel built in St Thomas. Meanwhile, clearing has been identified as contributing to the more than 35 per cent of global mangrove loss to date. Pollution Pesticides and other chemicals produced by humans to treat one thing or another can potentially wipe out mangroves. Such chemicals may be carried downstream, killing animals which call mangrove forests home. Oil pollution is also a threat since oil will choke mangrove roots, killing the trees. Here in Jamaica, pesticides and other chemicals are utilised to treat organisms that threaten agricultural production. They become a problem for mangroves when farmers and others discard the empty chemical containers, which are washed via gullies or rivers to mangrove forests. Loss of coral reef Mangroves function, importantly, as a barrier to strong waves that could destroy coastal settlements during, for example, a hurricane. As it happens, however, mangroves work in tandem with coral reefs to make this happen even as the latter serve the cause of survival for the former. As such, it means that where coral reefs are destroyed, mangroves are left to take the brunt of the impact from the strongest of waves, which wash away the fine sediment in which mangroves thrive. The waves deter seedlings from taking root, even as they wash away nutrients that are important for mangrove ecosystems. Some of this is evident as one examines a section of mangrove forests near the lighthouse in St Thomas. The section of forest there took the brunt of the impact from Hurricanes Dennis and Wilma in 2005 and Hurricane Ivan the year before. Climate change The survival of mangrove forests depends on stable sea levels. Unfortunately, with greenhouse emissions as high as they are, there is the climate change phenomenon to contend with. It is a phenomenon which, among other things, sees an increase in the earths temperature as well as an increase in sea levels.

Ribosomes and Protein Assembly

Ribosomes and Protein Assembly There are two major types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are cell organelles that consist of RNA and proteins. They are responsible for assembling the proteins of the cell. Depending on the protein production level of a particular cell, ribosomes may number in the millions. Key Takeaways: Ribosomes Ribosomes are cell organelles that function in protein synthesis. Ribosomes in plant and animals cells are larger than those found in bacteria.Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins that form ribosome subunits: a large ribosome subunit and small subunit. These two subunits are produced in the nucleus and unite in the cytoplasm during protein synthesis.Free ribosomes are found suspended in the cytosol, while bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are capable of producing their own ribosomes. Distinguishing Characteristics Structure of a Ribosome. Interaction of a ribosome with mRNA.   ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus Ribosomes are typically composed of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. Eukarotic ribosomes (80S), such as those in plant cells and animal cells, are larger in size than prokaryotic ribosomes (70S), such as those in bacteria. Ribosomal subunits are synthesized in the nucleolus and cross over the nuclear membrane to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. Both ribosomal subunits join together when the ribosome attaches to messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis. Ribosomes along with another RNA molecule, transfer RNA (tRNA), help to translate the protein-coding genes in mRNA into proteins. Ribosomes link amino acids together to form polypeptide chains, which are further modified before becoming functional proteins. Location in the Cell Ribosomes can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free within the cytoplasm.   ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus There are two places where ribosomes commonly exist within a eukaryotic cell: suspended in the cytosol and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. These ribosomes are called free ribosomes and bound ribosomes respectively. In both cases, the ribosomes usually form aggregates called polysomes or polyribosomes during protein synthesis. Polyribosomes are clusters of ribosomes that attach to a mRNA molecule during protein synthesis. This allows for multiple copies of a protein to be synthesized at once from a single mRNA molecule. Free ribosomes usually make proteins that will function in the cytosol (fluid component of the cytoplasm), while bound ribosomes usually make proteins that are exported from the cell or included in the cells membranes. Interestingly enough, free ribosomes and bound ribosomes are interchangeable and the cell can change their numbers according to metabolic needs. Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic organisms have their own ribosomes. Ribosomes in these organelles are more like ribosomes found in bacteria with regard to size. The subunits comprising ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are smaller (30S to 50S) than the subunits of ribosomes found throughout the rest of the cell (40S to 60S). Ribosomes and Protein Assembly Ribosomes interact with mRNA to produce proteins in a process called translation.   ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus Protein synthesis occurs by the processes of transcription and translation. In transcription, the genetic code contained within DNA is transcribed into an RNA version of the code known as messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA transcript is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it undergoes translation. In translation, a growing amino acid chain, also called a polypeptide chain, is produced. Ribosomes help to translate mRNA by binding to the molecule and linking amino acids together to produce a polypeptide chain. The polypeptide chain eventually becomes a fully functioning protein. Proteins are very important biological polymers in our cells as they are involved in virtually all cell functions. There are some differences between protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Since eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than those in prokaryotes, they require more protein components. Other differences include different initiator amino acid sequences to start protein synthesis as well as different elongation and termination factors. Eukaryotic Cell Structures This is a diagram of an animal cell. colematt/iStock/Getty Images Plus   Ribosomes are only one type of cell organelle. The following cell structures can also be found in a typical animal eukaryotic cell: Centrioles - help to organize the assembly of microtubules.​Chromosomes - house cellular DNA.​Cilia and Flagella - aid in cellular locomotion.​Cell Membrane - protects the integrity of the interior of the cell.​Endoplasmic Reticulum - synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids.​Golgi Complex - manufactures, stores and ships certain cellular products.​Lysosomes - digest cellular macromolecules.​Mitochondria - provide energy for the cell.​Nucleus - controls cell growth and reproduction.Peroxisomes - detoxify alcohol, form bile acid, and use oxygen to break down fats. Sources Berg, Jeremy M. Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Differs from Prokaryotic Protein Synthesis Primarily in Translation Initiation. Biochemistry. 5th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2002, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22531/#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22531.Wilson, Daniel N, and Jamie H Doudna Cate. The structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosome. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology vol. 4,5 a011536. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011536

How to get rid of depression

How to get rid of depression Learn the effective ways how to get rid of depression Very often it becomes harder for us to enjoy our lives and be satisfied with the current state of things and the things around us. The thoughts that that we are not satisfied with this or that come into our heads, bringing the feelings that everything is bad and there is no way to solve problem, if any. That is the state of depression and in such a situation it is very important not to let these feelings evolve and become stronger. Below you can find the ways and means how to get rid of depression and enjoy your life. Sports It has been proved a long time before that physical activity helps to keep mental and psychological condition of human’s body. Very often when you feel bad morally or mentally, it is a good means to improve your state by going in for sports. Doing physical exercises requires concentration and dedication, so you need to improve your thinking to do all this. And as a result you can clear up your head of bad thoughts or some irritation and develop your body at the same time. Sport can become your personal psychologist, who will take care of your wellbeing. Food Yes, this is right, food can help you improve your mental state and bring you joy. But at the same time it is very important to have the right approach to it. If you eat unhealthy food or a big amount of it – it will bring you no good. Though, eating something healthy, useful and, of course, tasteful can help you receive those pleasant feelings to conquer the depression and put it off. This can also help you develop new and right approach to nutrition as the means to support your health and physical shape. And this is an effective way to get rid of depression and to enjoy fine food. Travelling Finding out something new in one’s life is very useful to overcome the depression. And in such a situation why not discover some new places around and enjoy visiting them. Changing of surrounding is very effective for improving your mental condition. Also when travelling, you are able to meet new people or new cultures and by interacting with them, you can easily change your life and bring new positive emotions in it. New connections can make your life more interesting and absorbing. Self-education By learning something new we also get things to become better and to change our mindset. New information or skills can improve our thinking and moral condition. No matter if it is reading new books or studying some new disciplines or undergoing particular academic programs – it is very effective for you to become better and more sophisticated. When we conceive new information, we greatly improve our way of thinking and the ability to treat various things in a right manner. The learning process is a good means to obviate depression and make your life better. Right thinking No matter in what conditions we live, we can always be happy. Everything depends on the way we treat this or that thing. Some people have a lot of things in his or her life, or at least a lot more than others, though still thinking that it is not enough or all this is not so good. But pessimistic attitude will never result in anything good for you. The way how we treat everything around us greatly depends on the way of our thinking, so if you want to live a happy life, you should think in a positive way. Engaging in positive course of conduct will help in dealing your problems and bring you optimistic outcome. The above stated things can direct you in the right way to make your life more interesting and full of bright colors. When comprehending something new we evolve and improve ourselves. We hope that these clues will help you get rid of depressive thoughts once and for all.

The appendices of Poster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The appendices of Poster - Essay Example It owns several cash & carry clubs, forecourt stores, discount department stores, discount stores, hypermarkets and supermarkets. It is a publicly traded organization and its shares are listed in the London and Irish Stock markets. The company was founded by Jack Cohen, in 1919 (Tesco Plc, 2011). The current CEO of the organization is Philip Clarke and its chairman is Richard Broadbent (Tesco Plc, 2014b). The company sells goods and services of various brands but at the same time it also acquires its own range of product lines. The primary products and services of the company are books, furniture, clothing, electronics; financial, telecoms, internet services and DVD rental services; petrol and software and many other products. Since, its inception, the business of the company has significantly grown up and at present it operates in more than twelve major economies in the world. With rise in scope and scale of business, the customer base of the company has also expanded across all mar ketplaces and the gross employment generated by the concern has increased. It is estimated that Tesco generates employment opportunities for approximately 530,000 individuals around the world. The company claims that all important decisions are undertaken according to the vision statement. Tesco acquires multiple superior assets in business and its activities ensure utility maximization of its business stakeholders. It uses innovative ideas in business with which it provides high quality services and this has helped it gain loyalty of customers. The company claims that it prioritises on doing the right thing for its colleagues, customers and the communities and it has gained high brand value in the market only with such initiatives (Needle, 2010). Many economists claim that an institution affects the business outcomes of concerns and are hence susceptible for analysis. It is the set of social, legal, economic and political conventions that institutes the

LOVE Les Mis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LOVE Les Mis - Essay Example The awards included best musical and best original score. This was a difficult play to mount as the whole story is sung through by the performers. Due to the sheer volume of the songs contained in this two act play, my analysis of Les Miserables shall concentrate on only 6 songs. These songs are: Les Miserables is a story of broken dreams and loss of hope. Life is hard and for a woman like Fantine, who started off as a worker and then ended up a prostitute with a daughter whom she entrusted to Valjean on her deathbed, this song from Act 1 of the play conveys the childlike innocence that one wishes to carry throughout life but always surrenders due to the reality of the situation. This sentiment can be clearly seen in the sheer optimism of the song during its early part but then we find out that â€Å"hope was high† and â€Å"time has gone by†. Fantine also dreamed that â€Å"love would never die† and â€Å"God would be forgiving† with the longing of a child. As the whimsical wondering of a child gave in to a reckless youthful love and its harsh realities, Fantine in the end realizes that life as she dreamed it and how it really was. She sadly sings that her life is: In contrast to the heavy emotions of Fantine in â€Å"I Dreamed a Dream†, â€Å"Master Of the House† is a much livelier and lighter song from the first act. It is performed by Thenadier at Thenaiders Inn. In the song, we see how business was done during this particular era. This Act I song has Thenadier enticing clients to stay at his inn because he is unlike other businessmen who: Charge them for the lice... extra for the mice... two percent for looking in the mirror twice... here a little slice... there a little cut...three percent for sleeping with the window shut...when it comes to fixing prices... In reality Thenadier is no different from the inn-keepers he sings about and his wife, who deplores such acts knows but is unable to stop him from doing it. He makes his money by being an

Dutch Slave Trade Essay -- essays research papers

Dutch Slave Trade   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 17th and 18th centuries, mercantilism was the emerging economic policy through which the slave trade developed in Europe. In the Netherlands many historical events gave rise to a desire for domination of international trade. They were serious tradesman and were heavily involved in the profitable business of slavery. The Dutch, intelligent and self-ruling tradesmen took no time in displaying their dominance over rival countries, Portugal, England and Spain, in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. They established their international superiority in trade and impacted today’s society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From 1609 to 1713, the Dutch Republic was going through â€Å"The Golden Age.† It was a time of economic wealth, and a higher standard of life compared to most European countries. However, the Netherlands had the highest cost of living out of all European countries. It was the period in which mercantilism expanded, and domination of trading power was necessity. England, France, and Portugal were also expanding their boundaries of trade, which will begin a long fight for mastery at sea. The Dutch was the trading capital of the world at this time; in which is represented in this quote,† Although the Dutch tenaciously resisted the new competition, the long distance trading system of Europe was transformed from one largely conducted through the Netherlands, with the Dutch as universal buyer-seller and shipper, to one of multiple routes and fierce competitiveness.†(Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 24, pg. 890). The Netherlands operated in 7 provinces, k nown as the United Provinces, and the Dutch society was mainly consisted of bourgeoisie, sailors, and merchants. Because of the major trade industry in Holland, and that agricultural was secondary to the trading industry, the Dutch people were taxed extremely high for goods. However, a wave of culture flowed through Dutch Society, influenced by the economic profit that the Dutch gained from trade. The production of sugarcane and cotton in the New World increased the urgency for laborers in the new colonies, in which led to the major importation of African slaves. These plantations and farms, in the New World sparked the golden business of slave trading, a business that will guide the Dutch to economic wealth. The Dutch entered the slave trade around the 16th... ... ocean. These diseases were due to the minimum ventilation, light, food, and sanitation necessary to survive the trip across the ocean. The slaves were also chained to prevent revolts and committing suicides by jumping over-board. Traders even hired freed blacks to spy on the slaves, to prevent an uprising to occur. Nearly 1/4th of the slaves died during the journey across the Atlantic, which was an average of 2-3 months. The slave ship then had either two paths to take; one to the American colonies or to the West Indies. When the ship reached fresh water and land, the slaves were cheerful, explained here: It was reported that slaves danced with joy when they saw land and green trees again. For the managers of the slave ships, it was important that the slaves were in good spirits and looked healthy as they were prepared for the market. (Postma 168) When the slave ships arrived in the West, they had to be checked of any diseases that the slaves may have. Sometimes this inspection took almost 2 months. For example, the Vergenoegen was denied entrance into Surinam because of diseases. Once the disease had resided the ship was allowed to enter the harbor, and to sell its human cargo.

Cognitive Learning Theory Lecture Essay

Cognitive Learning developed by theorist Edward C. Tolman, explains the way our brain processes and interprets information that we learn. The biological basis of cognitive learning style is grounded in brain theory. .(â€Å"Different Cognitive Learning Styles,† 2003-2013) It’s the relationship that occurs between two stimuli, but even though the stimulus is the same our brains react in different ways. However, each person process information at different rates. This type of learning style is basically defined as a personality aspect which affects attitudes, beliefs, and social communication. An example of Cognitive learning style can be how a person develops skills and familiarity, and how they establish and recall information. Some people need to picture the task before starting; others organize learning and teaching successively or casually and some work rapidly or purposefully. Cognitive Learning: Latent Learning Cognitive learning is internal and is broken down into thought processes. One important cognitive process is called latent learning. Latent literally means ‘hidden†, and occurs without any reinforcement, but is only demonstrated when some type of incentive is given for doing it. Basically, you learn thru shear repetitiveness. Unknowingly, our brain absorbs the information which is stored deep in our subconscious, and is only brought out when faced with a situation when the information is necessary. For example, say you car pool with someone to work every day, but she/he drives. Although you’re not driving you may still learn the route to your job, but have no reason to demonstrate your knowledge of this. However, if the person you car pool with gets ill you may need to drive yourself. By doing so, subconsciously you realize you’ve learned the same route that the usual driver would take, this is considered latent learning. Cognitive Learning: Observational Learning According to Albert Bandura and his colleagues, observational learning is also a major part of the learning process. Observational learning is just that, learning by observing what they see and then demonstrating it themselves. Basically, observational learning happens in a way that someone must notice something someone else is doing. Then record it in their mind, and finally imitate the actions. These actions may or may not happen again, and the choice to continue emulating these actions depends on the outcome. The intelligence level does determine whether someone is limited to or has the ability to mimic the person. Examples of this process would be someone observing someone tying their shoes and imitating it themselves with the reward of not tripping when they walk. Or perhaps, watching someone commit a crime and then getting punished for it shows the observer that imitating is not always ideal. Because each person acquires diverse cognitive learning styles, it is not only challenging but perhaps impossible to reach every person in a particular way. Numerous researchers have made an effort to deliver ways in which the learning process can take effect. Individuals are affected by components in their surroundings like sound, light, and feelings as well as incentive, diligence, obligation and the need for organization. There are some sociological needs that can be challenging and also affect you like peers, certain groups and adults as well as physical desires, like perceptual fortes, aperture, time and freedom of movement. References Different Cognitive Learning Styles. (2003-2013). Retrieved from http://www.learningrx.com/different-cognitive-learning-styles-faq.htm Feldman, R. S. (Ed.). (2011). Cognitive Approach to learning. Essentials of Understanding Psychology (9th ed., pp. 188-194). Retrieved from